Red Light Therapy Helps to Heal the Body from Head to Toe!!
Since Andre Meister published the first clinical study on low level laser therapy (LLLT) helps with hair regrowth and wound healing, red light therapy has been used throughout the body to treat numerous diseases and conditions, from the surface skin and hair to the inside depths of many organs, and even bone marrow. Top expert Michael Hamblin has stated that almost every malady we suffer can be treated (at least to some degree) with red and near infrared light therapy.
Since Andre Meister published the first clinical study on low level laser therapy (LLLT) helps with hair regrowth and wound healing, red light therapy has been used throughout the body to treat numerous diseases and conditions, from the surface skin and hair to the inside depths of many organs, and even bone marrow. Top expert Michael Hamblin has stated that almost every malady we suffer can be treated (at least to some degree) with red and near infrared light therapy.

Research into the power of red and near infrared light to improve our energy and health and treat disease is gaining momentum. We are learning that red and near infrared light therapy can benefit virtually every system of the body and can even improve the way we look. It can help us shed inches of fat, reduce signs of aging, regrow hair, increase the results from our workouts, reduce pain, accelerate healing, improve sleep, increase brain health, and much more.
As of April 30 2024, there are 1400 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the highest level of research published on the benefits of red light therapy. There were also 5000 laboratory studies and 761 academic papers in 2023 and so far, 158 papers along with 10,195 academic papers in total at the time of this writing. Collectively, this research shows well over 100 healing effects of red light therapy for a literal A-Z of most documented conditions. Red light therapy can treat all people – young and old …and even many of our four- legged friends.
We urge readers who are curious about the overwhelming research behind photobiomodulation/red light therapy to check out Vladimir Heiskanen’s photobiomodulation database of most of these studies with his collection of 7759 peer-reviewed articles (at the time of this writing 4/6/2024). Here is the link to this database: http://bitly.com/PBM-database. The following is a list of some of the diseases and conditions which have cited scientific research that shows many of the benefits of red and near-infrared light.
As of April 30 2024, there are 1400 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the highest level of research published on the benefits of red light therapy. There were also 5000 laboratory studies and 761 academic papers in 2023 and so far, 158 papers along with 10,195 academic papers in total at the time of this writing. Collectively, this research shows well over 100 healing effects of red light therapy for a literal A-Z of most documented conditions. Red light therapy can treat all people – young and old …and even many of our four- legged friends.
We urge readers who are curious about the overwhelming research behind photobiomodulation/red light therapy to check out Vladimir Heiskanen’s photobiomodulation database of most of these studies with his collection of 7759 peer-reviewed articles (at the time of this writing 4/6/2024). Here is the link to this database: http://bitly.com/PBM-database. The following is a list of some of the diseases and conditions which have cited scientific research that shows many of the benefits of red and near-infrared light.
Animal Studies [1-22]
Achilles Tendinitis [23-24] Achilles Tendinopathy [25-26] Acne 27-29 Addiction 30 Amblyopia 31 Age-Related Macular Degeneration 32-33 Alzheimer's Disease 34 Aphthous Ulcers 35-37 Athletic Performance 38 Bell's Palsy 39-41 Bone Fractures 42-44 Burn Scars 45 Burning Mouth Syndrome 46-47 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 48-49 Cellulite* (see weight loss) 50 Chronic Joint Disorders 51 Cognitive Enhancement 52-55 Cold Sores (herpes labialis) 56-57 COPD” 58 Dental Implant Stability 59 Dentin Hypersensitivity 60 Depression 61-63 Diabetic Foot Ulcer 64-65 Dry Mouth (xerostomy) 66-68 Dysmenorrhea 69-70 Edema Elbow Tendinopathy (Tennis Elbow)” 71 Exercise Performance and Recovery’ 72-76 Fertility 77 Fibromyalgia” 78-79c Frozen Shoulder” 80 Glaucoma” 81 Hair Loss (alopecia) 82-83 Hand-foot-and-mouth disease 84 Hypothyroidism 85-87 Inflammation [Many studies in the last chapter] Lichen Planus 88 Low Back Pain 89-91 Lymphedema 92-94b |
Maxillary Sinusitis 95
Meniscal Pathology 96 Muscle Growth 97-98 Muscle Pain 99 Neck Pain 100-101 Neuropathic Foot Ulcer 102 Nipple Pain (from Breastfeeding) 103-104 Obesity- See weight loss 105-107 Oral Mucositis 108-110 Orthodontic Pain 111-113 Orthodontic Tooth Movement 114 Osteoarthritis 115-117 Osteoporosis (Bone Loss) 118-120 Pain 121-122b Periodontitis (Gum Disease) 123 Postherpetic Neuralgia 124 Pressure Ulcer 125-126 psoriasis 127 Radation Dermatitis 128-130 Raynaud's Phenomenon 131 Restenosis 132 Rheumatoid Arthritis 133-135 Shingles 136 Shoulder Tendinopathy 137 Skin Aging 138-139c Sternotomy Incision Repair 140-142 Stroke 143-145 Sunburn Prevention 146 Temporomandibular Disorders 147 Tendinopathy 148 Testosterone 149 TMJ/TMD Toenail Fungus 150-152 Traumatic Brain Injury 153-154 Venous Leg Ulcers 155 Vitiligo 156-157 Weight Loss - 158 Wound Healing and tissue repair 160 Wound Healing 161 |
Feel and Look Younger with Full Body Red Light Therapy
The above list seems too good to be true, right? How could one technology benefit so many different types of conditions? A thorough reading suggests that red light therapy (RLT) is some sort of panacea. It’s only natural to express skepticism, yet the reason it can benefit all these radically different conditions is simple: The health of every organ, tissue and system in the body depends on the energy produced in those cells of those organs and tissues, primarily in the mitochondria and transmembrane potential (cellular voltage). Our health also depends on energy flow throughout our circulation, lymphatics, nerves and meridians. Red and near infrared light therapy increases our energy on all levels, as we saw in the mechanisms discussed in chapter 6, 7 and 8. This is why we went into such detail. These mechanisms of red and near infrared light therapy are the fundamental reasons it helps the body heal itself of just about every possible health issue.
While there are hundreds of conditions that can benefit from RLT, the remainder of the chapter will focus on the research and benefits of six of the most popular (and proven) applications. These are typically why people buy a red light device and have the highest demand in clinics and wellness centers.
The above list seems too good to be true, right? How could one technology benefit so many different types of conditions? A thorough reading suggests that red light therapy (RLT) is some sort of panacea. It’s only natural to express skepticism, yet the reason it can benefit all these radically different conditions is simple: The health of every organ, tissue and system in the body depends on the energy produced in those cells of those organs and tissues, primarily in the mitochondria and transmembrane potential (cellular voltage). Our health also depends on energy flow throughout our circulation, lymphatics, nerves and meridians. Red and near infrared light therapy increases our energy on all levels, as we saw in the mechanisms discussed in chapter 6, 7 and 8. This is why we went into such detail. These mechanisms of red and near infrared light therapy are the fundamental reasons it helps the body heal itself of just about every possible health issue.
While there are hundreds of conditions that can benefit from RLT, the remainder of the chapter will focus on the research and benefits of six of the most popular (and proven) applications. These are typically why people buy a red light device and have the highest demand in clinics and wellness centers.
The remainder of this chapter can divided into two parts: the ways red light therapy helps us feel younger and the ways red light therapy helps us look younger. The first part we'll focus on how red light therapy can help us to feel younger and be more athletic which comes from the Greek root meaning "compete for a prize”. The true prize is living a healthy, active and energetic, pain-free life. As a bonus, this extra energy helps us become more athletic in various sports and activities and increasingly active in our lives. We included pain and healing in this part because we cannot live a healthy, active and energetic life if we have chronic pain or have injuries that limit or impair our mobility.
In part two we'll focus on looking younger or aesthetics which is from the Greek root meaning "relating to perception by the senses.” Red light therapy helps us not only to feel better, but also to look better both when we look in the mirror and as others perceive us. Our skin will look healthier, our bodies will be leaner, cellulite will be reduced and our hair will be fuller and thicker (or even come back if we’ve lost some).
In part two we'll focus on looking younger or aesthetics which is from the Greek root meaning "relating to perception by the senses.” Red light therapy helps us not only to feel better, but also to look better both when we look in the mirror and as others perceive us. Our skin will look healthier, our bodies will be leaner, cellulite will be reduced and our hair will be fuller and thicker (or even come back if we’ve lost some).
PART I: Feeling Younger (Athletics)

1) Red Light Therapy is Holistic Preventative Medicine
Consider the literal definition of health. The dictionary defines it as “the absence of injury or disease.” If we think about it, health is so much more than that – and it can be an evolving state. Even if we are disease and injury free, we can still feel stronger and more energetic. We can grow and expand our biofield, which equates to better health, increased vitality and ultimately a longer life.
When it comes to our health, increasing our overall health and vitality (and concurrently preventing illness) means making the right decisions with our diet, activities, supplements, habits and overall lifestyle. Holistic health means to treat the whole body instead of just treating a single condition or body system. When we do this, we are using a holistic preventive medicine approach to not only stay healthy and vibrant, but also potentially start feeling even more vigorous as time goes on. There is a great quote by Josh Shipp which captures this vibe beautifully:
"You either get bitter or you get better. It's that simple. You either take what has been dealt to you and allow it to make you a better person, or you allow it to tear you down. The choice does not belong to fate, it belongs to you."
Like a fine wine we can age better. Red light therapy is one way to help our body and biofield age better, along with a whole foods diet, good hydration, exercise and sleep, deep breathing and fresh air, sunshine, earthing, good posture, meditation, stress management, positive attitude, and other energy medicine modalities like PEMF, whole body vibration, oxygen therapy, saunas, etc.
While there are many solid, beneficial holistic habits that can improve our overall health and well-being, hopefully we’re making a strong case that a daily whole body red light therapy session is one of the best holistic practices to invest in. To reemphasize, all the cellular mechanisms we discussed in chapter 6, 7 and 8 center around creating more vigor and liveliness in the body with both stored energy (cell voltage, ATP, glycogen, etc.) and moving energy or energy flows (improved blood and lymphatic circulation, improve airflow in the lungs and increased nerve and meridian flows). Increasing our stored energy (potential) and moving energy (kinetic) in a balanced way is THE fundamental way we can rejuvenate ourselves over time
Consider the literal definition of health. The dictionary defines it as “the absence of injury or disease.” If we think about it, health is so much more than that – and it can be an evolving state. Even if we are disease and injury free, we can still feel stronger and more energetic. We can grow and expand our biofield, which equates to better health, increased vitality and ultimately a longer life.
When it comes to our health, increasing our overall health and vitality (and concurrently preventing illness) means making the right decisions with our diet, activities, supplements, habits and overall lifestyle. Holistic health means to treat the whole body instead of just treating a single condition or body system. When we do this, we are using a holistic preventive medicine approach to not only stay healthy and vibrant, but also potentially start feeling even more vigorous as time goes on. There is a great quote by Josh Shipp which captures this vibe beautifully:
"You either get bitter or you get better. It's that simple. You either take what has been dealt to you and allow it to make you a better person, or you allow it to tear you down. The choice does not belong to fate, it belongs to you."
Like a fine wine we can age better. Red light therapy is one way to help our body and biofield age better, along with a whole foods diet, good hydration, exercise and sleep, deep breathing and fresh air, sunshine, earthing, good posture, meditation, stress management, positive attitude, and other energy medicine modalities like PEMF, whole body vibration, oxygen therapy, saunas, etc.
While there are many solid, beneficial holistic habits that can improve our overall health and well-being, hopefully we’re making a strong case that a daily whole body red light therapy session is one of the best holistic practices to invest in. To reemphasize, all the cellular mechanisms we discussed in chapter 6, 7 and 8 center around creating more vigor and liveliness in the body with both stored energy (cell voltage, ATP, glycogen, etc.) and moving energy or energy flows (improved blood and lymphatic circulation, improve airflow in the lungs and increased nerve and meridian flows). Increasing our stored energy (potential) and moving energy (kinetic) in a balanced way is THE fundamental way we can rejuvenate ourselves over time
The image above is from Master Choa's book on Pranic Healing. While it is perhaps not scientifically accurate, it artfully illustrates how our energy and health can increase and evolve over time so that our body and biofield can become brighter, healthier and more balanced and cohesive.
As we discussed in chapter 8, even for healthy people and animals, red and near infrared light therapy increases many pro-survival transcription factors that increase cellular antioxidants, which strengthen and protect our body from any future stress, injury or infection. This "pre-conditioning" with red light therapy is like exercise in that red light therapies’ effects at the cell level "mimic" exercise in many ways - which is why we call it an exercise mimetic. These cellular adaptations to red light therapy result in healthier cells that produce more energy, have a stronger anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory defense system and are more resilient to overall stress. The end result is that we feel younger and more energetic while creating a "shield" of protection for the many potential stressors, injuries and infections life can burden us with (think "shields full power" like in Star Trek). One researcher called this a “homeodynamic buffer zone.” When we increase cellular resiliency with exercise or exercise mimetics like red light therapy (healthy stressors), this strengthens our vast compensatory networks, so our body can more effectively remain in dynamic homeostasis (because the body is not static) or health. The stronger our defenses, the larger your buffer against illness, aging and disease.
Everything we have discussed to this point lays a foundation for why red light therapy is one of the best holistic health and prevention tools to not only stay healthy but also improve and evolve our overall health and energy levels. Conventional definitions aside, health is not simply the absence of disease but can truly be an evolving state. These energetic enhancements and improved resiliency naturally lead us to why red and near infrared light therapy also helps with athletic performance and recovery.
2) Athletic Performance + More Energy
Red light therapy (RLT), exercise and athletics is a winning combination. RLT’s research on fitness, performance and recovery has been widely studied and earned positive recognition over the past several years. Research shows that red light therapy can help us recover faster and repair and regenerate our body. Studies also provide overwhelming evidence that RLT is good for increased strength, endurance, explosiveness power and overall better athletic performance as well. [1-10] We get all these benefits below (and more) with a 10-20 minute full body red light session!!
Red light therapy (RLT), exercise and athletics is a winning combination. RLT’s research on fitness, performance and recovery has been widely studied and earned positive recognition over the past several years. Research shows that red light therapy can help us recover faster and repair and regenerate our body. Studies also provide overwhelming evidence that RLT is good for increased strength, endurance, explosiveness power and overall better athletic performance as well. [1-10] We get all these benefits below (and more) with a 10-20 minute full body red light session!!
Studies with red light therapy on athletic performance show:
1) Increased strength and muscle growth [162]
2) Improved muscle regeneration and post-exercise recovery of strength and function. [163,166,170]
3) Increased endurance [164,167]
4) Decreased lactic acid production and muscle fatigue [164,167]
5) Precondition/Prevention of exercise induced cell damage [165]
6) Increased exercise capacity and muscle performance [168,169,171]
From our discussions of all the fundamental mechanisms in chapter 6, 7 and 8, it should be clear why red light therapy helps with all facets of athletics, such as performance, strength, endurance and increased muscle gain, in addition to recovery afterwards. The key to red light therapy's success with athletics is that red and near infrared light are absorbed in the mitochondria to create ATP energy, increased nitric oxide for better circulation and all kinds of beneficial signaling for building and repair. When we increase ATP energy in the cells and enhance our circulation, our overall energy and vitality will commensurately increase. So when we work out, play sports and compete, we’ll have more strength and energy to perform at our absolute best.
Note: It is important to keep in mind that the larger the surface area of treatment, the more profound the benefit red light therapy will have on performance, which is why we want to use a full body LED beds or a full body panel. Red light beds are becoming more popular with athletes and professional sports teams. In fact, it is hard these days to find professional teams that don't use red light therapy, because they would be at a severe disadvantage.
1) Increased strength and muscle growth [162]
2) Improved muscle regeneration and post-exercise recovery of strength and function. [163,166,170]
3) Increased endurance [164,167]
4) Decreased lactic acid production and muscle fatigue [164,167]
5) Precondition/Prevention of exercise induced cell damage [165]
6) Increased exercise capacity and muscle performance [168,169,171]
From our discussions of all the fundamental mechanisms in chapter 6, 7 and 8, it should be clear why red light therapy helps with all facets of athletics, such as performance, strength, endurance and increased muscle gain, in addition to recovery afterwards. The key to red light therapy's success with athletics is that red and near infrared light are absorbed in the mitochondria to create ATP energy, increased nitric oxide for better circulation and all kinds of beneficial signaling for building and repair. When we increase ATP energy in the cells and enhance our circulation, our overall energy and vitality will commensurately increase. So when we work out, play sports and compete, we’ll have more strength and energy to perform at our absolute best.
Note: It is important to keep in mind that the larger the surface area of treatment, the more profound the benefit red light therapy will have on performance, which is why we want to use a full body LED beds or a full body panel. Red light beds are becoming more popular with athletes and professional sports teams. In fact, it is hard these days to find professional teams that don't use red light therapy, because they would be at a severe disadvantage.

Muscle Cells are Rich in Mitochondria
The main type of cells needed for optimal athletic performance are muscle cells, both skeletal and in the heart. Muscle cells have some of the highest concentration of mitochondria in the body which is approximately 5000 per muscle cell! Muscle cells are rich in mitochondria because they do a lot of work, and ATP is essential for every muscle twitch, contraction and movement. Having more mitochondria is like muscle cells having more mini power plants, with each of them boasting mini solar panels (more cytochrome c oxidase) to capture and create more light energy. Red light therapy provides additional potent ATP energy "fuel" to power up the muscle cells. Providing ATP energy to muscle tissue gives rise to higher performance, strength and endurance as well as more effective recovery and healing which is especially important for athletes, fitness enthusiasts and anyone interested in increasing their athletic skills and potential.
Red Light Therapy Increases the Number and Size of Muscle Cells
If we want to train hard, perform better, last longer or have more strength, the key is to increase the volume and size of muscle cells along with elevating the amount of ATP in our muscular mitochondria. From the mechanisms we reviewed in chapter 8, red light therapy will stimulate muscle cells to divide, create new muscle cells, stimulate stem cells to differentiate into new muscle tissue and increase the size and energy output of EACH muscle cell! This is especially important in sports that require more strength and power and typically require more muscle.
Red Light Therapy Increases the Number of Mitochondria
Red and near infrared light therapy accomplishes the additional energy output from each muscle cell by both increasing ATP production AND more importantly, increasing the number of muscle cell mitochondria (mitochondrial biogenesis), which in this case are the cells of our skeletal and heart muscles. While muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria, more is always better! Training in endurance sports increases the number of mitochondria, but red light therapy is also research-proven to further stimulate an increase in the number of mitochondria, which also improves ATP (like having more power plants). Even better, red light therapy helps create more cytochrome c oxidase, which is like generating more solar panels to capture light energy (refer to chapter 6 for the research).
The main type of cells needed for optimal athletic performance are muscle cells, both skeletal and in the heart. Muscle cells have some of the highest concentration of mitochondria in the body which is approximately 5000 per muscle cell! Muscle cells are rich in mitochondria because they do a lot of work, and ATP is essential for every muscle twitch, contraction and movement. Having more mitochondria is like muscle cells having more mini power plants, with each of them boasting mini solar panels (more cytochrome c oxidase) to capture and create more light energy. Red light therapy provides additional potent ATP energy "fuel" to power up the muscle cells. Providing ATP energy to muscle tissue gives rise to higher performance, strength and endurance as well as more effective recovery and healing which is especially important for athletes, fitness enthusiasts and anyone interested in increasing their athletic skills and potential.
Red Light Therapy Increases the Number and Size of Muscle Cells
If we want to train hard, perform better, last longer or have more strength, the key is to increase the volume and size of muscle cells along with elevating the amount of ATP in our muscular mitochondria. From the mechanisms we reviewed in chapter 8, red light therapy will stimulate muscle cells to divide, create new muscle cells, stimulate stem cells to differentiate into new muscle tissue and increase the size and energy output of EACH muscle cell! This is especially important in sports that require more strength and power and typically require more muscle.
Red Light Therapy Increases the Number of Mitochondria
Red and near infrared light therapy accomplishes the additional energy output from each muscle cell by both increasing ATP production AND more importantly, increasing the number of muscle cell mitochondria (mitochondrial biogenesis), which in this case are the cells of our skeletal and heart muscles. While muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria, more is always better! Training in endurance sports increases the number of mitochondria, but red light therapy is also research-proven to further stimulate an increase in the number of mitochondria, which also improves ATP (like having more power plants). Even better, red light therapy helps create more cytochrome c oxidase, which is like generating more solar panels to capture light energy (refer to chapter 6 for the research).

Red Light Therapy Increases Nitric Oxide for Better Circulation and Oxygenation
Of near equal importance is red light therapy's ability to increase nitric oxide, which improves circulation and microcirculation to all our muscle cells. This is critical to delivering oxygen and essential vitamins, minerals and nutrients to our hard-working muscle cells. Remember that without oxygen, our cells revert to glycolysis, or the lactic acid cycle, which creates only 2-4 molecules of ATP versus 38 molecules of ATP in aerobic respiration or oxidative phosphorylation. When we hit the proverbial "wall" in running marathons or training of any kind, it’s because we’re not getting enough oxygen to the mitochondria for aerobic respiration to occur. Hence, our energy takes a nose-dive. Our body reverts to the lactic acid cycle, in which lactic acid can cause muscle burning and cramps. By improving circulation, we ensure a better supply of oxygen to the cells and mitochondria, which enhances our overall aerobic respiration and ATP production.
Recall that nitric oxide also increases lymphatic circulation. Along with blood circulation, this helps not only to bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells, but also helps remove lactic acid and waste products from the cells. This research-proven ability to remove lactic acid helps increase endurance by reducing tissue acidity and promoting better aerobic respiration (versus the lactic acid cycle). Red light therapy's ability to improve circulation along with directly increasing ATP energy are the two keys as to why it helps with all forms of athletic training and performance across the full spectrum of sports.
Of near equal importance is red light therapy's ability to increase nitric oxide, which improves circulation and microcirculation to all our muscle cells. This is critical to delivering oxygen and essential vitamins, minerals and nutrients to our hard-working muscle cells. Remember that without oxygen, our cells revert to glycolysis, or the lactic acid cycle, which creates only 2-4 molecules of ATP versus 38 molecules of ATP in aerobic respiration or oxidative phosphorylation. When we hit the proverbial "wall" in running marathons or training of any kind, it’s because we’re not getting enough oxygen to the mitochondria for aerobic respiration to occur. Hence, our energy takes a nose-dive. Our body reverts to the lactic acid cycle, in which lactic acid can cause muscle burning and cramps. By improving circulation, we ensure a better supply of oxygen to the cells and mitochondria, which enhances our overall aerobic respiration and ATP production.
Recall that nitric oxide also increases lymphatic circulation. Along with blood circulation, this helps not only to bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells, but also helps remove lactic acid and waste products from the cells. This research-proven ability to remove lactic acid helps increase endurance by reducing tissue acidity and promoting better aerobic respiration (versus the lactic acid cycle). Red light therapy's ability to improve circulation along with directly increasing ATP energy are the two keys as to why it helps with all forms of athletic training and performance across the full spectrum of sports.
Protection and Preconditioning
In addition to giving us more strength, energy and endurance, red light therapy (RLT) also helps protect us from oxidative stress that comes from training hard (by increasing cellular antioxidants like SOD, glutathione and catalase). Engaging in a full body red light therapy session before exercise helps prevent oxidative stress and damage to the muscle tissue. Using the light prior to exercise creates a “pre-conditioning” effect where the muscle cells suffer less damage from the stress while displaying higher strength/stamina in subsequent exercise following the initial bout of physical activity [164,165].
Even more importantly, RLT lowers inflammation, reduces pain and increases dozens of cellular repair mechanisms, as we outlined in Chapter 8. This helps the body heal and recover faster after any form of athletic training, workout or sporting event. With its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, RLT helps reduce and even remove the aches and pains that come from training. These benefits make a red light therapy bed or full body panel one of the best training partners we could possibly have! We'll conclude this section with a sampling of additional research on red light therapy and athletic performance.
In addition to giving us more strength, energy and endurance, red light therapy (RLT) also helps protect us from oxidative stress that comes from training hard (by increasing cellular antioxidants like SOD, glutathione and catalase). Engaging in a full body red light therapy session before exercise helps prevent oxidative stress and damage to the muscle tissue. Using the light prior to exercise creates a “pre-conditioning” effect where the muscle cells suffer less damage from the stress while displaying higher strength/stamina in subsequent exercise following the initial bout of physical activity [164,165].
Even more importantly, RLT lowers inflammation, reduces pain and increases dozens of cellular repair mechanisms, as we outlined in Chapter 8. This helps the body heal and recover faster after any form of athletic training, workout or sporting event. With its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, RLT helps reduce and even remove the aches and pains that come from training. These benefits make a red light therapy bed or full body panel one of the best training partners we could possibly have! We'll conclude this section with a sampling of additional research on red light therapy and athletic performance.
Selected Research on Athletic Performance and Recovery
Randomized Control Trial Study Showing increase in Strength and Size of Muscles
A 2015 study by BM Baroni and others looked at 30 healthy males who were randomized into three groups, control, training and training + red light therapy. The results were extremely encouraging. The training alone group improved strength by about an average of 14%, while the group that included light therapy improved by nearly 25%. which is 11% more strength USING red light therapy. Of equal significance is that the training alone group increased muscle size of their quadricep muscles by about 10% while the participants in the treatment group with both red light therapy and training showed almost a 20% increase in size – or double the amount of improvement experienced by training alone! [163]
Increase Performance and Accelerate Recovery
Lead researcher EC Leal Junior (and others) performed a comprehensive literature review of the relevant research in 2015 to examine the effects of phototherapy on exercise performance and recovery. They compiled data from thirteen randomized control trials and examined the number of repetitions and time until exhaustion for muscle performance, as well as markers of exercise- induced muscle damage. The researchers concluded that pre-conditioning the muscles with red/NIR light (using the light prior to exercise) significantly improves muscular performance and accelerates recovery. [171]
Better Strength and Endurance
Another comprehensive review done in 2016 by FK Nampo (and others) looked at research using both laser and LED therapy on exercise capacity and muscle performance of people undergoing exercise compared to placebo treatments. They found an average improvement of 3.51 reps, and a four second delay in time to exhaustion, which means the participants in the treatment group were able to exercise for longer periods before exhaustion. The study concluded that red and near infrared light therapy increases strength and endurance while contributing to significant reduction in lactic acid production. [169]
Red Light better than Ice Baths for recovery
Another study by EC Leal Junior (and others) compared red and near infrared light therapy LEDs to cold plunges/ice baths as a recovery tool after training/exercise. They found that red and near infrared light improved recovery faster and more significantly than ice baths! One problem with ice baths is that while they help with recovery, they can have some unwanted side effects, such as blocking some of the beneficial adaptations of exercise like increased muscle growth. On the other hand, red and near infrared light therapy not only speed up recovery but also instead of hindering, actually amplify these beneficial adaptations,resulting from exercise like muscle growth. The conclusion of the study was that red and near infrared light therapy was a more effective recovery tool compared to the cold plunges and ice baths that many athletes use. I personally believe a combination of both cold plunges followed by red light therapy should be explored, so maybe it is not an either/or but a both. [170]
Red and Near Infrared Light Therapy Reduces Fatigue
WH Vieira and others did another great study on red light therapy and athletic performance. Examining levels of fatigue in leg muscles after endurance exercise, they that using red and near infrared light therapy immediately following the endurance event significantly lowered muscle fatigue scores relative to the control group. The researchers concluded that the results suggest that an endurance training program combined with red and near infrared light therapy leads to a greater reduction in fatigue than an endurance training program without red and near infrared light therapy. They emphasized the importance of this result to everyone involved in sports performance and rehabilitation. [168]
Randomized Control Trial Study Showing increase in Strength and Size of Muscles
A 2015 study by BM Baroni and others looked at 30 healthy males who were randomized into three groups, control, training and training + red light therapy. The results were extremely encouraging. The training alone group improved strength by about an average of 14%, while the group that included light therapy improved by nearly 25%. which is 11% more strength USING red light therapy. Of equal significance is that the training alone group increased muscle size of their quadricep muscles by about 10% while the participants in the treatment group with both red light therapy and training showed almost a 20% increase in size – or double the amount of improvement experienced by training alone! [163]
Increase Performance and Accelerate Recovery
Lead researcher EC Leal Junior (and others) performed a comprehensive literature review of the relevant research in 2015 to examine the effects of phototherapy on exercise performance and recovery. They compiled data from thirteen randomized control trials and examined the number of repetitions and time until exhaustion for muscle performance, as well as markers of exercise- induced muscle damage. The researchers concluded that pre-conditioning the muscles with red/NIR light (using the light prior to exercise) significantly improves muscular performance and accelerates recovery. [171]
Better Strength and Endurance
Another comprehensive review done in 2016 by FK Nampo (and others) looked at research using both laser and LED therapy on exercise capacity and muscle performance of people undergoing exercise compared to placebo treatments. They found an average improvement of 3.51 reps, and a four second delay in time to exhaustion, which means the participants in the treatment group were able to exercise for longer periods before exhaustion. The study concluded that red and near infrared light therapy increases strength and endurance while contributing to significant reduction in lactic acid production. [169]
Red Light better than Ice Baths for recovery
Another study by EC Leal Junior (and others) compared red and near infrared light therapy LEDs to cold plunges/ice baths as a recovery tool after training/exercise. They found that red and near infrared light improved recovery faster and more significantly than ice baths! One problem with ice baths is that while they help with recovery, they can have some unwanted side effects, such as blocking some of the beneficial adaptations of exercise like increased muscle growth. On the other hand, red and near infrared light therapy not only speed up recovery but also instead of hindering, actually amplify these beneficial adaptations,resulting from exercise like muscle growth. The conclusion of the study was that red and near infrared light therapy was a more effective recovery tool compared to the cold plunges and ice baths that many athletes use. I personally believe a combination of both cold plunges followed by red light therapy should be explored, so maybe it is not an either/or but a both. [170]
Red and Near Infrared Light Therapy Reduces Fatigue
WH Vieira and others did another great study on red light therapy and athletic performance. Examining levels of fatigue in leg muscles after endurance exercise, they that using red and near infrared light therapy immediately following the endurance event significantly lowered muscle fatigue scores relative to the control group. The researchers concluded that the results suggest that an endurance training program combined with red and near infrared light therapy leads to a greater reduction in fatigue than an endurance training program without red and near infrared light therapy. They emphasized the importance of this result to everyone involved in sports performance and rehabilitation. [168]
These studies are a small sampling of the research on red light therapy’s impact on athletic performance and recovery. There are virtually hundreds of studies on the positive effects of red light therapy on exercise, training, performance, endurance, protection and recovery, etc. To re-emphasize, we have discussed several of these mechanisms in detail in chapter 6, 7 and 8, so hopefully by now we’ve made it clear that red light therapy is proven to increase athletic training before an event and improve performance/strength/endurance during an event, along with helping achieve a more complete and much faster recovery after the event. These events can include everything from actual competitions to leisurely weekend sporting activities. No matter our activity, red and near infrared light therapy help us become more active and perform at our best while protecting us from injuries! If we want to stay active and athletic into our golden years and beyond, we must invest in a full body red light therapy bed or panel and use it daily!
Tips for Improving Athletic Performance and Recovery and overall Wellness/Prevention)
1) Use red light therapy daily
2) Eat a whole foods diet
3) Stay hydrated and try hydrogen water
4) Exercise regularly with a balance of strength training and cardio + stretching/yoga
5) Get Plenty of Sleep
6) Take performance supplements, electrolytes, protein, etc.
7) Use PEMF (pulsed electromagnetic field) therapy daily
8) Do hyperbaric chambers or EWOT (exercise with oxygen therapy)
9) Do Whole Body Vibration Therapy
10) Do saunas 2-3x a week
11) Do a cold plunge or cryotherapy after training (and red light after that)
12) Meditate daily
13) Practice Deep Breathing
14) Bright light morning/ Low Blue light night
15) Minimize EMF exposure
16) Skin Brushing
17) Sun Bathing
18) Earthing Grounding / Walk Barefoot
1) Use red light therapy daily
2) Eat a whole foods diet
3) Stay hydrated and try hydrogen water
4) Exercise regularly with a balance of strength training and cardio + stretching/yoga
5) Get Plenty of Sleep
6) Take performance supplements, electrolytes, protein, etc.
7) Use PEMF (pulsed electromagnetic field) therapy daily
8) Do hyperbaric chambers or EWOT (exercise with oxygen therapy)
9) Do Whole Body Vibration Therapy
10) Do saunas 2-3x a week
11) Do a cold plunge or cryotherapy after training (and red light after that)
12) Meditate daily
13) Practice Deep Breathing
14) Bright light morning/ Low Blue light night
15) Minimize EMF exposure
16) Skin Brushing
17) Sun Bathing
18) Earthing Grounding / Walk Barefoot
3) Pain / Chronic and Acute Inflammation
Most of the published and clinical evidence on red light therapy is related to muscular and skeletal pain. There is also strong evidence for its effects on neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia and other challenging afflictions like complex regional pain syndrome. If we are in any sort of pain, we should take heart! There is overwhelming research to show us that red and near infrared light therapy can help alleviate our trauma. In this section, we'll explore how pain arises, the current pain epidemic and the many problems inherent in the many standard medical approaches to pain. We will then explain why red light therapy is a better, safer and more effective solution to pain. Let's begin by looking at what pain is.
Most of the published and clinical evidence on red light therapy is related to muscular and skeletal pain. There is also strong evidence for its effects on neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia and other challenging afflictions like complex regional pain syndrome. If we are in any sort of pain, we should take heart! There is overwhelming research to show us that red and near infrared light therapy can help alleviate our trauma. In this section, we'll explore how pain arises, the current pain epidemic and the many problems inherent in the many standard medical approaches to pain. We will then explain why red light therapy is a better, safer and more effective solution to pain. Let's begin by looking at what pain is.
Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is vital because it signals to us, sometimes excruciatingly so, that something is wrong, and we need to address it. Pain is not a disease, but rather an important warning sign to protect the body. But pain CAN be the result of chronic conditions such as cancer and heart disease. Because pain is something we all experience, it's often best measured by what we say it is. That is, pain has an intensity that we can describe on a scale from zero (no pain) to ten (the worst pain imaginable). But pain also has a character we can describe, like sharp, dull, burning or aching.

What exactly creates these perceptions of pain?
When we get hurt, special tissue damage-sensing nerve cells, called nociceptors, fire and send signals to our spinal cord and then up to our brain. These are called pain signals. Our brain responds to these pain signals and addresses them in various ways. The most immediate response involves our motor pathways activating almost instantly to prompt us to take our hand off a hot stove, for example. Inflammatory cytokines trigger our blood vessels to dilate and increase blood flow, signaling immune cells, hormones and nutrients to head to the injury site to start the healing process.
Also activated are pain modulation networks that deliver endorphins and enkephalins, chemicals released when we’re in pain or during extreme exercise, creating the runner's high or feelings of joy and happiness. For example, laughter has also been proven to increase endorphins. Endorphins bind to opioid receptor sites and give us the "feel good" response that quells the pain and helps to prevent further tissue damage. The key idea here is that our body can manufacture its own endorphins!
Acute pain is obvious in that it occurs immediately from an accident, injury, surgery, tooth extraction, etc. Chronic pain is pain that lasts, or comes and goes, over multiple months or years (usually defined as any pain lasting for more than three months). It may result from a variety of health conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic migraine or cancer. Some people also experience chronic pain following an injury, even after the initial injury has healed.
When we get hurt, special tissue damage-sensing nerve cells, called nociceptors, fire and send signals to our spinal cord and then up to our brain. These are called pain signals. Our brain responds to these pain signals and addresses them in various ways. The most immediate response involves our motor pathways activating almost instantly to prompt us to take our hand off a hot stove, for example. Inflammatory cytokines trigger our blood vessels to dilate and increase blood flow, signaling immune cells, hormones and nutrients to head to the injury site to start the healing process.
Also activated are pain modulation networks that deliver endorphins and enkephalins, chemicals released when we’re in pain or during extreme exercise, creating the runner's high or feelings of joy and happiness. For example, laughter has also been proven to increase endorphins. Endorphins bind to opioid receptor sites and give us the "feel good" response that quells the pain and helps to prevent further tissue damage. The key idea here is that our body can manufacture its own endorphins!
Acute pain is obvious in that it occurs immediately from an accident, injury, surgery, tooth extraction, etc. Chronic pain is pain that lasts, or comes and goes, over multiple months or years (usually defined as any pain lasting for more than three months). It may result from a variety of health conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic migraine or cancer. Some people also experience chronic pain following an injury, even after the initial injury has healed.
The Pain Epidemic in the United States
The National Health Interview Survey and CDC reported that chronic pain affects around 116 million Americans. The most common sources of chronic pain are lower back pain (the leading cause of chronic pain), severe headaches or migraines, neck pain, joint pain, neuropathic pain and complex pain situations like fibromyalgia. More people live with these forms of chronic pain than cancer, heart disease and diabetes combined! And 17 million of those cases are high impact chronic pain, which is essentially chronic pain that is so severe that it affects a person’s daily life and ability to function in the areas of work, socializing and self-care [172].
The National Health Interview Survey and CDC reported that chronic pain affects around 116 million Americans. The most common sources of chronic pain are lower back pain (the leading cause of chronic pain), severe headaches or migraines, neck pain, joint pain, neuropathic pain and complex pain situations like fibromyalgia. More people live with these forms of chronic pain than cancer, heart disease and diabetes combined! And 17 million of those cases are high impact chronic pain, which is essentially chronic pain that is so severe that it affects a person’s daily life and ability to function in the areas of work, socializing and self-care [172].
For mild pain, non-prescription, over the counter (OTC) medications can act on cells where the pain signals start. Examples are aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen (Aleve). For some forms of pain, this is not only not good enough, but even OTCs can have side effects. 16,000 Americans a year with arthritis die from gastric bleeding from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen. Thousands of others have permanent kidney damage from the NSAIDs [173].
Stronger pain medicines and anesthetics work by reducing the activity in pain-sensing circuits or by boosting our coping system or endorphins like Oxycontin, Vicodine, Percoset and Morphine. While these powerful synthetic opioids mimic endorphins and effectively suppress pain, they are also incredibly addictive and have led to a nationwide opioid crisis. Also, synthetic opioids lower your body's own natural opioid production, leading to a vicious cycle of needing more and more. People become addicted to BOTH, needing opioids for pain relief while getting addicted to the "heroin high" that comes with them.
Opioid deaths have roughly quadrupled over the last ten years for which data is fully available. In 2021, the death toll surged to 80,411 and is currently at an all-time high! Opioids are by far the leading cause of overdose in this country. Besides the threat of addiction, the worst side effect of opioids is troubled breathing, which is often what leads to death by overdose. Other common side effects include headaches, nausea, trouble thinking and fatigue.
Opioid deaths have roughly quadrupled over the last ten years for which data is fully available. In 2021, the death toll surged to 80,411 and is currently at an all-time high! Opioids are by far the leading cause of overdose in this country. Besides the threat of addiction, the worst side effect of opioids is troubled breathing, which is often what leads to death by overdose. Other common side effects include headaches, nausea, trouble thinking and fatigue.
Besides NSAIDS and opioids, the medical system often uses steroid and cortisone injections - the most commonly used procedures in conventional pain practice, which can be almost as bad. Side effects from these injections include damage to tissue and joints (pock marks from the tissue melting away), weight gain, puffiness in the face, worsening diabetes and infections. If pain meds and cortisone shots don't work, doctors will resort to surgery, which is very invasive and can have all sorts of complications.
These negatives are mentioned to drive home the point that we clearly need a BETTER SOLUTION FOR PAIN - and red light therapy IS that research-proven, safe, effective and non-invasive solution! With all these drugs and procedures, even when the pain is gone, the problem that caused it may remain. Red light therapy has an additional advantage in that it helps to stimulate the body's healing responses to heal and fix the problem!
These negatives are mentioned to drive home the point that we clearly need a BETTER SOLUTION FOR PAIN - and red light therapy IS that research-proven, safe, effective and non-invasive solution! With all these drugs and procedures, even when the pain is gone, the problem that caused it may remain. Red light therapy has an additional advantage in that it helps to stimulate the body's healing responses to heal and fix the problem!
5 Research-proven mechanisms why Red Light Therapy (RLT) works SO GOOD for PAIN Relief, Inflammation, Swelling and Healing [174-176]!
Most of the published and clinical evidence on red light therapy (RLT) is on muscular and skeletal pain. In these numerous studies, there are at least five core mechanisms behind red light therapy's pain-relieving magic. What makes red and near infrared light therapy so effective for pain is that they address both the sensation and the source of pain.
Addresses the Sensation of pain
1) RLT Increases Endorphins: Red light therapy naturally increases endorphins (endorphin = endogenous morphine), our body's natural opiates that not only reduce pain, but make us FEEL GOOD (think of the runner’s high). It accomplishes this pain-relieving magic by stimulating opioid containing immune cells to migrate to inflamed sites and release endorphins to inhibit pain. These feel-good chemicals come from the body's natural pharmacy that bind to opioid receptors - the net result of which is, BLOCKING PAIN SIGNALS! No addictive and toxic opioid drugs are needed! Our brain and body can produce them naturally and RLT stimulates the secretion of these natural hormones. The positive effects of red light stimulated endorphins are not only analgesic, but also have a direct effect on turning off inflammation and turning on healing.
2) RLT Calms Nociceptor Nerve Cells: Red light therapy also addresses the sensation of pain by calming the nociceptor nerve cells, which helps with chronic pain by relaxing the nerve networks that are stuck in a rut of constant pain signal firing. This overall soothing effect is like mellifluous music to your nervous system that tames the wild beasts of pain.
Most of the published and clinical evidence on red light therapy (RLT) is on muscular and skeletal pain. In these numerous studies, there are at least five core mechanisms behind red light therapy's pain-relieving magic. What makes red and near infrared light therapy so effective for pain is that they address both the sensation and the source of pain.
Addresses the Sensation of pain
1) RLT Increases Endorphins: Red light therapy naturally increases endorphins (endorphin = endogenous morphine), our body's natural opiates that not only reduce pain, but make us FEEL GOOD (think of the runner’s high). It accomplishes this pain-relieving magic by stimulating opioid containing immune cells to migrate to inflamed sites and release endorphins to inhibit pain. These feel-good chemicals come from the body's natural pharmacy that bind to opioid receptors - the net result of which is, BLOCKING PAIN SIGNALS! No addictive and toxic opioid drugs are needed! Our brain and body can produce them naturally and RLT stimulates the secretion of these natural hormones. The positive effects of red light stimulated endorphins are not only analgesic, but also have a direct effect on turning off inflammation and turning on healing.
2) RLT Calms Nociceptor Nerve Cells: Red light therapy also addresses the sensation of pain by calming the nociceptor nerve cells, which helps with chronic pain by relaxing the nerve networks that are stuck in a rut of constant pain signal firing. This overall soothing effect is like mellifluous music to your nervous system that tames the wild beasts of pain.

Addresses the source of pain
Not only does red light therapy symptomatically relieve pain - it also addresses the sources of pain directly by reducing inflammation and swelling and stimulating our body’s healing and repair mechanisms.
3) RLT is Anti-inflammatory as we looked at in detail in the last chapter. Recall that by increasing ATP in the mitochondria via aerobic respiration, oxygen does its job as the final electron acceptor and therefore will not create reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because ROS molecules like the superoxide radical are perhaps the root cause of inflammation, inflammation (and hence pain) is lowered simply by increasing ATP,.
With this lowering of ROS, we get a reduction of all the inflammatory cytokines. These nasty inflammatory cytokines are at the root of the inflammation response in our body and they emerge when the mitochondria is not working properly. This is where RLT works its magic. RLT has a particularly powerful effect on oxidative stressed mitochondria, switching off the gene transcription factor nf-kb that produces cytokines which causes the inflammation. This ability to turn off inflammation is on par with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs, but without the potentially horrific side effects!
Finally, red light therapy works also directly to switch off inflammation by shifting the M1 macrophage to its healthy M2 phenotype. Recall that in chronic inflammation, this normal functioning of macrophages becomes impaired and they stay locked in the M1 phenotype, which produces the whole spectrum of inflammatory cytokines we looked at in the last chapter. By powering up the mitochondria in these M1 macrophages, they switch to their healthy M2 counterpart, which releases anti-inflammatory cytokines to lower inflammation and trigger healing! Increasing ATP, lowering ROS and switching off inflammatory cytokines (and switching on anti-inflammatory cytokines) are a few of the core reasons why red and near infrared therapy so effectively "puts out the fire" of inflammation!
Not only does red light therapy symptomatically relieve pain - it also addresses the sources of pain directly by reducing inflammation and swelling and stimulating our body’s healing and repair mechanisms.
3) RLT is Anti-inflammatory as we looked at in detail in the last chapter. Recall that by increasing ATP in the mitochondria via aerobic respiration, oxygen does its job as the final electron acceptor and therefore will not create reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because ROS molecules like the superoxide radical are perhaps the root cause of inflammation, inflammation (and hence pain) is lowered simply by increasing ATP,.
With this lowering of ROS, we get a reduction of all the inflammatory cytokines. These nasty inflammatory cytokines are at the root of the inflammation response in our body and they emerge when the mitochondria is not working properly. This is where RLT works its magic. RLT has a particularly powerful effect on oxidative stressed mitochondria, switching off the gene transcription factor nf-kb that produces cytokines which causes the inflammation. This ability to turn off inflammation is on par with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs, but without the potentially horrific side effects!
Finally, red light therapy works also directly to switch off inflammation by shifting the M1 macrophage to its healthy M2 phenotype. Recall that in chronic inflammation, this normal functioning of macrophages becomes impaired and they stay locked in the M1 phenotype, which produces the whole spectrum of inflammatory cytokines we looked at in the last chapter. By powering up the mitochondria in these M1 macrophages, they switch to their healthy M2 counterpart, which releases anti-inflammatory cytokines to lower inflammation and trigger healing! Increasing ATP, lowering ROS and switching off inflammatory cytokines (and switching on anti-inflammatory cytokines) are a few of the core reasons why red and near infrared therapy so effectively "puts out the fire" of inflammation!
4) RLT Reduces Swelling: As we saw in chapter 7, red and near infrared light therapy have been research-proven to increase GOOD nitric oxide (eNOS - endothelial), which causes smooth muscles in the blood and lymph vessels to relax and dilate. Better blood and lymph flow is essential for taking away edema back to the lymph nodes. This has a powerful effect on reducing swelling, as we so often see around injuries and inflammation. In fact, the reduction of swelling and edema is one of the most researched benefits of red light therapy, which comes from its good nitric oxide enhancing effects.
5) RLT Heals and Fixes the Problem: This is most important, because red and near infrared light therapy helps the body to TRULY heal itself so the alarm of PAIN is no longer needed! Injured cells require approximately twice the energy as regular cells. As we have seen, RLT increases ATP and cellular voltage so it has this essential energy needed to heal and repair cells and even create new cells! We don’t get that with drugs, injections or surgery. It is so much better than the numbing and dumbing effect of over the counter and prescription drugs, which do absolutely NOTHING to stimulate the healing of the body.
By stimulating wonderful growth factors like TGF-B1, red and near infrared light therapy will help to greatly speed up the healing time after an injury. In cases that never truly healed, it will give our body a boost to repair old wounds as well. When we add to these growth factors, increased ATP, better circulation and enhanced immunity, red light therapy helps with all the various stages of tissue regeneration we outlined in the last chapter - proliferation, cell differentiation, cell motility, protein synthesis and stem cell activation. These work together to heal and repair injury or damage to any tissue. By fixing the problem at the source of pain along with the other ways red light therapy lowers pain, swelling and inflammation, we start to feel better and begin the beautiful, much healthier journey of living a pain free life! If only RLT therapy could be utilized more often by doctors and hospitals, we could imagine an end to this widespread pain epidemic and the nasty opioid addictions that go along with it!
5) RLT Heals and Fixes the Problem: This is most important, because red and near infrared light therapy helps the body to TRULY heal itself so the alarm of PAIN is no longer needed! Injured cells require approximately twice the energy as regular cells. As we have seen, RLT increases ATP and cellular voltage so it has this essential energy needed to heal and repair cells and even create new cells! We don’t get that with drugs, injections or surgery. It is so much better than the numbing and dumbing effect of over the counter and prescription drugs, which do absolutely NOTHING to stimulate the healing of the body.
By stimulating wonderful growth factors like TGF-B1, red and near infrared light therapy will help to greatly speed up the healing time after an injury. In cases that never truly healed, it will give our body a boost to repair old wounds as well. When we add to these growth factors, increased ATP, better circulation and enhanced immunity, red light therapy helps with all the various stages of tissue regeneration we outlined in the last chapter - proliferation, cell differentiation, cell motility, protein synthesis and stem cell activation. These work together to heal and repair injury or damage to any tissue. By fixing the problem at the source of pain along with the other ways red light therapy lowers pain, swelling and inflammation, we start to feel better and begin the beautiful, much healthier journey of living a pain free life! If only RLT therapy could be utilized more often by doctors and hospitals, we could imagine an end to this widespread pain epidemic and the nasty opioid addictions that go along with it!
A Sampling of Research using Red Light Therapy for Pain Relief (and healing).
As we mentioned, most of the peer reviewed published and clinical evidence (including many RCT studies - the best) on red and near infrared light therapy is on muscular and skeletal pain of all forms. This is why we should have tremendous confidence that red light therapy will help with whatever pain situation we and our loved ones may be dealing with. Living pain free is one of the most important factors for a high quality of life and the ability to be healthy and active well into our golden years. We concurrently avoid potential addiction to pain meds, problems with steroid injections and risky surgeries and procedures.
An overwhelming bulk of evidence suggests that red and near infrared light can be helpful for most types of pain. In one systematic review, researchers concluded that red light therapy has proven “beneficial for many individuals suffering from pain, regardless of the condition that is causing it.” [13] Below is a sampling of red light therapy clinical research on relieving many forms of pain like those listed below.
As we mentioned, most of the peer reviewed published and clinical evidence (including many RCT studies - the best) on red and near infrared light therapy is on muscular and skeletal pain of all forms. This is why we should have tremendous confidence that red light therapy will help with whatever pain situation we and our loved ones may be dealing with. Living pain free is one of the most important factors for a high quality of life and the ability to be healthy and active well into our golden years. We concurrently avoid potential addiction to pain meds, problems with steroid injections and risky surgeries and procedures.
An overwhelming bulk of evidence suggests that red and near infrared light can be helpful for most types of pain. In one systematic review, researchers concluded that red light therapy has proven “beneficial for many individuals suffering from pain, regardless of the condition that is causing it.” [13] Below is a sampling of red light therapy clinical research on relieving many forms of pain like those listed below.
Achilles Tendinitis [23-24]
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome [47-48] Chronic Joint Disorders [50,177] Chronic pain in the elbow, wrist and fingers [178] Chronic tooth pain [179] Elbow Tendinopathy (Tennis Elbow) [70] Fibromyalgia [76-77c] Frozen Shoulder [78] Knee pain [181] Low Back Pain 87-89 [182] Muscle Pain [97] Myofascial pain [183] |
Neck Pain 98-99 [175,180,184,185]
Neuropathic Foot Ulcer [100] Nipple Pain (from Breastfeeding) [101-102] Orthodontic Pain [109-111] Osteoarthritis [113-115] Osteoarthritic pain [186] Pain [118-119b] Rheumatoid Arthritis [129-131] Sacroiliac joint pain [187] Shoulder Tendinopathy [132] Tendinitis [183] Tendinopathy [143] |
We will conclude this section with some practical tips and practices you can implement (in addition to red light therapy) to lower pain, inflammation and swelling.
Twelve Tips to Erase Pain from Your Life
1) Use Full Body Red Light Daily for 15-20 minutes
2) Drink a lot of water - two glasses (16 oz.) 15-30 minutes before a session. This is CRITICAL for success! Drink at least eight glasses a water, or half your body weight in ounces a day. Look into getting a hydrogen water machine!
3) Alkalize the body. Try fresh lemon in water in the morning. Eat Alkaline, Anti-inflammatory Diet.
4) Avoid Sugar, refined carbohydrates, fried foods, processed foods, fast foods, soft drinks and sodas.
5) Stick to whole foods: fruits (especially berries), dark green veggies, a big salad at least once a day, steamed veggies, whole grains, beans, legumes, soups and small amounts of chicken, turkey, eggs and dairy (grass fed butter best option). Not to be fanatical but we should listen to our body and eat only when we’re hungry. Get in touch with true hunger.
6) Deliberate deep abdominal breathing during treatment and look into EWOT (exercise with oxygen therapy).
7) Add good multivitamin and other supplements that help with pain, swelling and inflammation, such as systemic enzymes, tumeric, ginger, boswellia (and other anti-inflammatory herbs), bromlein, omega 3 fatty acids and astaxanthin, resveratrol, Vitamin C, MSM, vitamin D and magnesium.
8) Smile and Laugh More - Laughter increases endorphins. It’s hard to find things to laugh about in a troubled world, but let’s not make things worse by being worried and depressed all the time!
9) In addition to red light therapy, chiropractic and massage is recommended. I recommend chiropractors associated with www.idealspine.com because they will help with correct posture and lifestyle changes in addition to good adjustments and basic chiropractic care. For those suffering from neck pain, I have personally also received great results from Blair Upper Cervical practitioners.
10) Engage in Physical therapy and exercise to make yourself strong again!
11) To improve posture, use a sit-stand desk, lay on stomach more while watching TV or reading, use a kneeling chair and interrupt sitting by going for many small walks!
12) Besides red light therapy, I also recommend a full body PEMF therapy mat and local applicators. PEMF and red light therapy are the best two pain relieving energy medicine devices available today!
Twelve Tips to Erase Pain from Your Life
1) Use Full Body Red Light Daily for 15-20 minutes
2) Drink a lot of water - two glasses (16 oz.) 15-30 minutes before a session. This is CRITICAL for success! Drink at least eight glasses a water, or half your body weight in ounces a day. Look into getting a hydrogen water machine!
3) Alkalize the body. Try fresh lemon in water in the morning. Eat Alkaline, Anti-inflammatory Diet.
4) Avoid Sugar, refined carbohydrates, fried foods, processed foods, fast foods, soft drinks and sodas.
5) Stick to whole foods: fruits (especially berries), dark green veggies, a big salad at least once a day, steamed veggies, whole grains, beans, legumes, soups and small amounts of chicken, turkey, eggs and dairy (grass fed butter best option). Not to be fanatical but we should listen to our body and eat only when we’re hungry. Get in touch with true hunger.
6) Deliberate deep abdominal breathing during treatment and look into EWOT (exercise with oxygen therapy).
7) Add good multivitamin and other supplements that help with pain, swelling and inflammation, such as systemic enzymes, tumeric, ginger, boswellia (and other anti-inflammatory herbs), bromlein, omega 3 fatty acids and astaxanthin, resveratrol, Vitamin C, MSM, vitamin D and magnesium.
8) Smile and Laugh More - Laughter increases endorphins. It’s hard to find things to laugh about in a troubled world, but let’s not make things worse by being worried and depressed all the time!
9) In addition to red light therapy, chiropractic and massage is recommended. I recommend chiropractors associated with www.idealspine.com because they will help with correct posture and lifestyle changes in addition to good adjustments and basic chiropractic care. For those suffering from neck pain, I have personally also received great results from Blair Upper Cervical practitioners.
10) Engage in Physical therapy and exercise to make yourself strong again!
11) To improve posture, use a sit-stand desk, lay on stomach more while watching TV or reading, use a kneeling chair and interrupt sitting by going for many small walks!
12) Besides red light therapy, I also recommend a full body PEMF therapy mat and local applicators. PEMF and red light therapy are the best two pain relieving energy medicine devices available today!
Part II: Looking Younger (Aesthetics)
4) Red and Near Infrared Light Reverses Skin Aging to Create Youthful and Healthy Skin
Red and near infrared light are working wonders in the anti-aging world, where naturopathic doctors, dermatologists and plastic surgeons are utilizing with great success the many incredible benefits of red light therapy for anti-aging therapies. Because red light stimulates both collagen and elastin (two naturally occurring proteins), it gets rid of lines and wrinkles as well as the appearance of scars, acne, eczema, UV damage, psoriasis, spots and dyspigmentation. As we'll see, collagen is essential to keep the entire body youthful, resilient, strong and vital. In one study, red light therapy increased collagen production by 31% [192,193]. Red light therapy is fast becoming recognized as a safe and natural alternative to injections and surgeries for anti-aging and skin rejuvenation.
Red and near infrared light are working wonders in the anti-aging world, where naturopathic doctors, dermatologists and plastic surgeons are utilizing with great success the many incredible benefits of red light therapy for anti-aging therapies. Because red light stimulates both collagen and elastin (two naturally occurring proteins), it gets rid of lines and wrinkles as well as the appearance of scars, acne, eczema, UV damage, psoriasis, spots and dyspigmentation. As we'll see, collagen is essential to keep the entire body youthful, resilient, strong and vital. In one study, red light therapy increased collagen production by 31% [192,193]. Red light therapy is fast becoming recognized as a safe and natural alternative to injections and surgeries for anti-aging and skin rejuvenation.
Facial aging is a natural part of growing older. Most people begin to show signs of aging as soon as our late 20's and early 30's. As we age, our skin produces and retains less elastin and collagen, leading to sagging and wrinkling of the skin, as well as dyspigmentation. There are many reasons for this decline in these youthing proteins, but the main reasons are lowered ATP, nitric oxide and increased oxidative stress and inflammation. This results from aging in general but can be accelerated by unhealthy lifestyle habits like poor diet, smoking, drinking, stress, lack of sleep and too much sun exposure,
Skin Elasticity
Normal signs of skin aging can include wrinkles, volume loss (most often in temples, cheeks and under-eye areas) and sagging of the skin. The skin’s elasticity is one of the primary factors that determines the impact that aging will have on the appearance of our skin. Skin elasticity is the ability of the skin to stretch and return to a normal state after the need to stretch is removed. We determine the degree of elasticity by the amount of collagen and elastin that the skin retains. Skin with high elasticity is plump, firm and youthful in appearance.
Skin Elasticity
Normal signs of skin aging can include wrinkles, volume loss (most often in temples, cheeks and under-eye areas) and sagging of the skin. The skin’s elasticity is one of the primary factors that determines the impact that aging will have on the appearance of our skin. Skin elasticity is the ability of the skin to stretch and return to a normal state after the need to stretch is removed. We determine the degree of elasticity by the amount of collagen and elastin that the skin retains. Skin with high elasticity is plump, firm and youthful in appearance.

At some point, we all may ask ourselves, “How elastic is my skin”? To find out, let’s take a simple skin elasticity test to see if our levels are on par for our current age:
SKIN ELASTICITY TEST INSTRUCTIONS
With your hand relaxed and facing palm down, pinch the skin on the back of your hand and hold for five seconds. Release the skin and count the time it takes to completely flatten back out.
HOW TO SCORE:
1-2 seconds (individuals under 30)
3-4 seconds (individuals who are 30-44)
5-9 seconds (individuals who are 45-50)
10-15 seconds (individuals who are 60)
35-55 seconds (individuals who are 70+)
UNHAPPY WITH YOUR SCORE?
While red light therapy is the main focus here, we'll also share many anti-aging tips at the end of this section to make our skin look younger and more elastic,. First, let's explore how and why our skin gets wrinkled and less elastic, and the mechanisms behind how red light therapy can help.
SKIN ELASTICITY TEST INSTRUCTIONS
With your hand relaxed and facing palm down, pinch the skin on the back of your hand and hold for five seconds. Release the skin and count the time it takes to completely flatten back out.
HOW TO SCORE:
1-2 seconds (individuals under 30)
3-4 seconds (individuals who are 30-44)
5-9 seconds (individuals who are 45-50)
10-15 seconds (individuals who are 60)
35-55 seconds (individuals who are 70+)
UNHAPPY WITH YOUR SCORE?
While red light therapy is the main focus here, we'll also share many anti-aging tips at the end of this section to make our skin look younger and more elastic,. First, let's explore how and why our skin gets wrinkled and less elastic, and the mechanisms behind how red light therapy can help.

How Wrinkles Form
Why does our skin age? What happens in the skin layers when we see wrinkles? To answer these questions, we need to look deeper into the structure of skin. It consists of two main layers, The epidermis is the outer layer, protecting our body against the outside world. The second layer is the dermis, directly below, which consists mainly of connective fibers of proteins collagen and elastin. Collagen is a protein that makes up to 70% of connective tissue. The reason our skin breaks down and shows wrinkles, spots, sagginess and that "sunken in" look can be boiled down to the following three core issues:
1) Lowered ATP with aging and diminished collagen production
2) Decreased Nitric Oxide with Aging (and poor circulation)
3) Increased Free Radical Damage, ROS and Inflammation with aging, which causes cross-linking and damage to the dermis and its proteins.
These three factors can transform our once baby-smooth skin into a deeply wrinkled, saggy, sallow and an older-than-we-look appearance. So, let's now take a close look at these fundamental causes of wrinkles!
Why does our skin age? What happens in the skin layers when we see wrinkles? To answer these questions, we need to look deeper into the structure of skin. It consists of two main layers, The epidermis is the outer layer, protecting our body against the outside world. The second layer is the dermis, directly below, which consists mainly of connective fibers of proteins collagen and elastin. Collagen is a protein that makes up to 70% of connective tissue. The reason our skin breaks down and shows wrinkles, spots, sagginess and that "sunken in" look can be boiled down to the following three core issues:
1) Lowered ATP with aging and diminished collagen production
2) Decreased Nitric Oxide with Aging (and poor circulation)
3) Increased Free Radical Damage, ROS and Inflammation with aging, which causes cross-linking and damage to the dermis and its proteins.
These three factors can transform our once baby-smooth skin into a deeply wrinkled, saggy, sallow and an older-than-we-look appearance. So, let's now take a close look at these fundamental causes of wrinkles!

1) Lowered ATP with Aging (and diminished collagen production).
In this image, we can see what these changes look like under the surface of the skin. In the younger skin on the left, there’s this robust network of collagen and elastin to fill up and support the dermis while also providing elasticity. Look closely, and we can see this is not present with the elderly skin on the right. With age, ATP production slows down, which means the cells are not as efficient in producing these dermal proteins that keep the skin looking young. Collagen levels diminish as the cells produce less and less ATP energy.
We can think of these proteins (collagen and elastin) in the matrix of the dermis as we would the air in a balloon. Just as a balloon is full of air, a dermis full of proteins is firm, smooth and taut. Let the air out of a balloon and it gets wrinkles and sags just like aged skin without these dermal proteins - which are mainly collagens and elastin.
2) Decreased Nitric Oxide with Aging (and poor circulation)
We can see a much healthier and denser vascular network on the above left versus the reduced vascular tissue on the right. The weakening of this circulatory network can contribute to diminished amounts of nutrients and oxygenation to the skin. As we saw in chapter 7, red and near infrared light therapy increases blood flow and even helps to create healthy angiogenesis (blood vessel creation) to restore healthy blood flow and improve the vascularity in the dermis.
In this image, we can see what these changes look like under the surface of the skin. In the younger skin on the left, there’s this robust network of collagen and elastin to fill up and support the dermis while also providing elasticity. Look closely, and we can see this is not present with the elderly skin on the right. With age, ATP production slows down, which means the cells are not as efficient in producing these dermal proteins that keep the skin looking young. Collagen levels diminish as the cells produce less and less ATP energy.
We can think of these proteins (collagen and elastin) in the matrix of the dermis as we would the air in a balloon. Just as a balloon is full of air, a dermis full of proteins is firm, smooth and taut. Let the air out of a balloon and it gets wrinkles and sags just like aged skin without these dermal proteins - which are mainly collagens and elastin.
2) Decreased Nitric Oxide with Aging (and poor circulation)
We can see a much healthier and denser vascular network on the above left versus the reduced vascular tissue on the right. The weakening of this circulatory network can contribute to diminished amounts of nutrients and oxygenation to the skin. As we saw in chapter 7, red and near infrared light therapy increases blood flow and even helps to create healthy angiogenesis (blood vessel creation) to restore healthy blood flow and improve the vascularity in the dermis.

3) Increased Free Radical Damage, ROS and Inflammation with Aging (causing cross-linking and damage to the dermis and its proteins).
In young skin, collagen fibers look like a loose tangle of fibers, which is very flexible. Over time, production of collagen starts to decline and the fibers that remain may break apart and develop cross-links. This pesky cross-linked collagen is disorganized, random, tangled and knotted in all directions (see right image shown here). On the outside, this cross-linking appears like a wrinkle. Those fiber tangles prevent stretching, as well as oxygen and nutrient flow, which also contributes also to the dreaded saggy and sunken-in look.
Let’s contrast this with healthy collagen (the above left image) in the dermis of younger or healthy We see a beautiful, wave-like quality which is what gives it strength and an incredible ability to spring and stretch. When our dermis predominantly has this form of collagen, our skin will look smooth as a baby's! The problem is that free radicals create cross-linking in the skin, which is a source of wrinkles and sagging skin. Red light therapy helps to prevent this fundamental mechanism of wrinkling by increasing antioxidant function in the cells, a process which neutralizes free radical damage and cross-linking and thereby prevents and reverses wrinkling.
Skin Malware
Think of free radicals, inflammation and oxidative stress as a kind of malware that targets skin, disrupts its health, and has severe, visible impact in the form of wrinkles, sagging skin, discoloration, etc. As we'll see next, red light therapy functions like a malware cleaner that helps rid the body of the primary sources of wrinkles summarized below:
In young skin, collagen fibers look like a loose tangle of fibers, which is very flexible. Over time, production of collagen starts to decline and the fibers that remain may break apart and develop cross-links. This pesky cross-linked collagen is disorganized, random, tangled and knotted in all directions (see right image shown here). On the outside, this cross-linking appears like a wrinkle. Those fiber tangles prevent stretching, as well as oxygen and nutrient flow, which also contributes also to the dreaded saggy and sunken-in look.
Let’s contrast this with healthy collagen (the above left image) in the dermis of younger or healthy We see a beautiful, wave-like quality which is what gives it strength and an incredible ability to spring and stretch. When our dermis predominantly has this form of collagen, our skin will look smooth as a baby's! The problem is that free radicals create cross-linking in the skin, which is a source of wrinkles and sagging skin. Red light therapy helps to prevent this fundamental mechanism of wrinkling by increasing antioxidant function in the cells, a process which neutralizes free radical damage and cross-linking and thereby prevents and reverses wrinkling.
Skin Malware
Think of free radicals, inflammation and oxidative stress as a kind of malware that targets skin, disrupts its health, and has severe, visible impact in the form of wrinkles, sagging skin, discoloration, etc. As we'll see next, red light therapy functions like a malware cleaner that helps rid the body of the primary sources of wrinkles summarized below:
- A reduction in collagen and elastin production
- Fragmentation of collagen fibers
- Poor Circulation
- Poor Lymphatic flow
- Cross-Linking of Collagen fibers
- Degeneration of elastic fibers
- Inflammation and Redness/Puffiness
How Red and Near Infrared Light STOPS and Reverses Wrinkles
Red and near infrared light therapy accomplishes many things at the molecular level that address the issue of wrinkles and saggy, sunken-in skin and it all revolves around building and protecting the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. First, red light therapy increases the proliferation of fibroblasts (the purple cells in the below image on the left), which means we see more fibroblast cells in the dermis, which is like having tinier collagen producing factories in the skin. Next, the red light shines on the mitochondria in the fibroblast’s cells in purple. This stimulates the production of ATP, which helps the fibroblast cells to produce collagen, elastin and other components of the dermis matrix, plumping, filling it and smoothing the wrinkles on the surface of the skin. At the same time, shining light increases nitric oxide, which stimulates both blood and lymphatic circulation, providing oxygen and nutrients to further fuel the production of collagen and elastin.
Red and near infrared light therapy accomplishes many things at the molecular level that address the issue of wrinkles and saggy, sunken-in skin and it all revolves around building and protecting the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin. First, red light therapy increases the proliferation of fibroblasts (the purple cells in the below image on the left), which means we see more fibroblast cells in the dermis, which is like having tinier collagen producing factories in the skin. Next, the red light shines on the mitochondria in the fibroblast’s cells in purple. This stimulates the production of ATP, which helps the fibroblast cells to produce collagen, elastin and other components of the dermis matrix, plumping, filling it and smoothing the wrinkles on the surface of the skin. At the same time, shining light increases nitric oxide, which stimulates both blood and lymphatic circulation, providing oxygen and nutrients to further fuel the production of collagen and elastin.
By improving lymphatic circulation, we secure stronger immunity to clean up the damaged, fragmented and cross-linked proteins that give rise to wrinkles and aged skin. Finally, red and near infrared light therapy reduces inflammation and quenches and mops up free radicals and oxidative stress, as we outlined in the last chapter. This reduces redness and puffiness of inflammation, along with protecting the skin by increasing antioxidants like SOD, glutathione and catalase, which is like "rust-proofing" the skin and protecting it from the free radicals and cross links which create wrinkles.
The problem of aging and wrinkles can be summarized by everything we talked about in Chapters 6, 7, and 8. As we get older, we produce less ATP, less nitric oxide and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) / free radicals. Because of these factors, not only does collagen production go down, but the collagen that provides the structure and scaffolding to the dermis layer of our skin gets damaged, fragmented and cross-linked. In so doing, our skin loses its elasticity, smoothness, plumpness and tightness, and we end up with wrinkled, saggy, spotty, holey and sunken-in skin.
By increasing ATP, red light therapy increases collagen and elastin production, essentially helping our body to heal and repair because everything needs energy. One study showed red and near infrared light therapy enhances collagen synthesis by 31%! [192,193]. Because collagen production declines with age, red light therapy is truly helping to turn back the hands of time! By increasing nitric oxide, red light therapy improves blood and lymph flow, which increases oxygenation and nutrient delivery to the skin while helping remove damaged proteins and rebuild healthy skin. By stimulating the signaling of growth factors, red light therapy creates more fibroblasts, which means more collagen and elastin is made to fill in, “plumpen” and smooth out the skin. Finally, by increasing antioxidant enzymes in the cells and mitochondria, our skin is protected from free radicals and their nasty effects on collagen, like cross-linking and fragmentation. Next, let's see how all these benefits of red light therapy (RLT) manifest when you look in the mirror.
By increasing ATP, red light therapy increases collagen and elastin production, essentially helping our body to heal and repair because everything needs energy. One study showed red and near infrared light therapy enhances collagen synthesis by 31%! [192,193]. Because collagen production declines with age, red light therapy is truly helping to turn back the hands of time! By increasing nitric oxide, red light therapy improves blood and lymph flow, which increases oxygenation and nutrient delivery to the skin while helping remove damaged proteins and rebuild healthy skin. By stimulating the signaling of growth factors, red light therapy creates more fibroblasts, which means more collagen and elastin is made to fill in, “plumpen” and smooth out the skin. Finally, by increasing antioxidant enzymes in the cells and mitochondria, our skin is protected from free radicals and their nasty effects on collagen, like cross-linking and fragmentation. Next, let's see how all these benefits of red light therapy (RLT) manifest when you look in the mirror.
1) RLT Increases Collagen and Elastin production. Red light therapy increases the number of fibroblasts (the little collagen factories), which, along with increased ATP, helps create more collagen and elastin. With more collagen and elastin, we'll see fewer fine lines and wrinkles, a more plump and firm appearance and a more refined skin tone and texture. Increased collagen and elastin also helps with pigmented spots and improves sheen (soft glow) on the skin.
2) RLT increases nitric oxide. Increasing nitric oxide improves blood flow to the skin and our skin will take on a healthy ruddy complexion and a radiant and vibrant glow (versus a pasty pale white that comes from poor circulation). With increased lymphatic activity, we'll see more brightness and clarity and less edema and puffiness.
3) RLT has powerful anti-inflammatory effects. Reducing inflammation reduces skin irritation, redness and puffiness so our skin has a healthy glow.
4) RLT increases cellular antioxidants like SOD, glutathione and catalase. Increasing natural antioxidants prevent and reverse cross-linking and free radical damage to the skin, which helps to reverse and prevent wrinkles from forming.
5) RLT activates stem cells and helps to repair damaged and wrinkled skin. This helps to get rid of scars, holes or pits in the skin, discoloration and other damage.
To summarize, all these benefits of red light therapy on the skin makes it one of the most effective modalities for preventing, assisting and even treating wrinkles and aged skin to keep us looking young and healthy even into our golden years. It works brilliantly because it addresses ALL of the fundamental causes of wrinkled and aged skin. Let's further validate this with a sampling of research studies.
2) RLT increases nitric oxide. Increasing nitric oxide improves blood flow to the skin and our skin will take on a healthy ruddy complexion and a radiant and vibrant glow (versus a pasty pale white that comes from poor circulation). With increased lymphatic activity, we'll see more brightness and clarity and less edema and puffiness.
3) RLT has powerful anti-inflammatory effects. Reducing inflammation reduces skin irritation, redness and puffiness so our skin has a healthy glow.
4) RLT increases cellular antioxidants like SOD, glutathione and catalase. Increasing natural antioxidants prevent and reverse cross-linking and free radical damage to the skin, which helps to reverse and prevent wrinkles from forming.
5) RLT activates stem cells and helps to repair damaged and wrinkled skin. This helps to get rid of scars, holes or pits in the skin, discoloration and other damage.
To summarize, all these benefits of red light therapy on the skin makes it one of the most effective modalities for preventing, assisting and even treating wrinkles and aged skin to keep us looking young and healthy even into our golden years. It works brilliantly because it addresses ALL of the fundamental causes of wrinkled and aged skin. Let's further validate this with a sampling of research studies.
A Sampling of Research Studies
There are many human studies that validate the wonderful reality that red light therapy (RLT) can prevent and reverse the signs of aging, including reducing wrinkles and sun damage, fixing skin discoloration, repairing damage and scars and several other conditions, such as acne and psoriasis. Here is a small sample of studies from the top expert on red and near infrared light therapy Michael Hamblin
There are many human studies that validate the wonderful reality that red light therapy (RLT) can prevent and reverse the signs of aging, including reducing wrinkles and sun damage, fixing skin discoloration, repairing damage and scars and several other conditions, such as acne and psoriasis. Here is a small sample of studies from the top expert on red and near infrared light therapy Michael Hamblin
- RLT enhances collagen synthesis and collagen density (research has shown it can enhance production of collagen by 31%!) [192,193]
- RLT reduces the signs of damage, DNA damage, [188] and aging from UV rays [189]
- RLT reduces wrinkles and fine lines [190]
- RLT reduces hyperpigmentation, and skin discoloration [191]
- RLT accelerates repair in the epithelial layer of skin [194]
- RLT combats other skin conditions like acne, vitiligo, burns, herpes virus sores, and psoriasis [195]
- RLT speeds up wound healing by enhancing skin tissue repair and growth of skin cells [196]
Wrinkles & Fine Lines Protocol - 10 Sessions 2-3x per week for 1 month.
Look Young Again!
1) Do Red Light Therapy daily for 15-20 minutes with wavelengths like 600, 605, 630, 633, 635 and you can add a little 810. 830 or 850. The shorter wavelengths (600s) are ideal because they do not penetrate as far as longer wavelengths. This is why we recommend not to include a 900+ for the skin (but an 810 or 830 is OK for further cytochrome c activation). The key is to focus more on red and less near infrared for the skin because it does not penetrate as far - which means the light gets better absorbed in the skin.
2) Stay Hydrated and drink AT LEAST half your body weight in ounces of purified water or good spring water. This is essential because if you are dehydrated, your skin will become dry and more prone to wrinkling. Look into hydrogen water too!
3) Take a good collagen peptide supplement that has high quality collagen. Remember, collagen is the building block for healthy skin so add this to your supplementation.
4) Take a good multivitamin and supplement with vitamin A, C, D and E, zinc, selenium, biotin, etc.
5) Eat a diet rich in polyphenols. There are thousands of types of polyphenols (resveratrol is one) which are found in fruits (especially berries), vegetables, green or black tea (also called flavonoids) and other botanicals.
Collagen Supplement (recommended)
6) Eat a diet rich in healthy fats, nuts, seeds, and avocados and from fish. These help your skin stay moist, firm, and flexible. Try to eat these fresh and limit seed oils, as they are sensitive to oxygen, except for healthy saturated fats like coconut oil.
7) Don't overdo the sun, but do not avoid it either. The sun is good for us in moderation, but make sure you do not burn or overdo it as then it can cause skin damage over time. Protect yourself if you are going to be outside in the sun for long stretches. The simplest, most visible way to know if you are overdoing it is if you get a sunburn and/or start peeling.
8) Skin brushing before a red light session is not only good for your skin, but brushing away dead skin cells will help the red and near infrared light to penetrate a little farther.
9) Stop smoking if you smoke. Quitting will help improve the elasticity of your skin and will benefit your overall health.
10) Do regular facials, facial massage, exfoliation, and research good organics skincare products for daily cleansing, toning and moisturizing your skin, especially your sensitive face.
11) Add other energy medicine modalities like PEMF therapy and sauna therapy, etc which along with red light therapy are two of the best energy medicine devices to help you have a healthy glow!
Conclusion
In short, red and near-infrared light therapy is offering a new, completely safe and non-invasive alternative to various anti-aging skin surgeries (i.e. plastic surgery), botox injections and more abrasive chemical peels. To combat skin aging, red and near-infrared light is an extraordinarily powerful tool. And you won't get that weird "plastic" look that comes from plastic surgery and botox!
Look Young Again!
1) Do Red Light Therapy daily for 15-20 minutes with wavelengths like 600, 605, 630, 633, 635 and you can add a little 810. 830 or 850. The shorter wavelengths (600s) are ideal because they do not penetrate as far as longer wavelengths. This is why we recommend not to include a 900+ for the skin (but an 810 or 830 is OK for further cytochrome c activation). The key is to focus more on red and less near infrared for the skin because it does not penetrate as far - which means the light gets better absorbed in the skin.
2) Stay Hydrated and drink AT LEAST half your body weight in ounces of purified water or good spring water. This is essential because if you are dehydrated, your skin will become dry and more prone to wrinkling. Look into hydrogen water too!
3) Take a good collagen peptide supplement that has high quality collagen. Remember, collagen is the building block for healthy skin so add this to your supplementation.
4) Take a good multivitamin and supplement with vitamin A, C, D and E, zinc, selenium, biotin, etc.
5) Eat a diet rich in polyphenols. There are thousands of types of polyphenols (resveratrol is one) which are found in fruits (especially berries), vegetables, green or black tea (also called flavonoids) and other botanicals.
Collagen Supplement (recommended)
6) Eat a diet rich in healthy fats, nuts, seeds, and avocados and from fish. These help your skin stay moist, firm, and flexible. Try to eat these fresh and limit seed oils, as they are sensitive to oxygen, except for healthy saturated fats like coconut oil.
7) Don't overdo the sun, but do not avoid it either. The sun is good for us in moderation, but make sure you do not burn or overdo it as then it can cause skin damage over time. Protect yourself if you are going to be outside in the sun for long stretches. The simplest, most visible way to know if you are overdoing it is if you get a sunburn and/or start peeling.
8) Skin brushing before a red light session is not only good for your skin, but brushing away dead skin cells will help the red and near infrared light to penetrate a little farther.
9) Stop smoking if you smoke. Quitting will help improve the elasticity of your skin and will benefit your overall health.
10) Do regular facials, facial massage, exfoliation, and research good organics skincare products for daily cleansing, toning and moisturizing your skin, especially your sensitive face.
11) Add other energy medicine modalities like PEMF therapy and sauna therapy, etc which along with red light therapy are two of the best energy medicine devices to help you have a healthy glow!
Conclusion
In short, red and near-infrared light therapy is offering a new, completely safe and non-invasive alternative to various anti-aging skin surgeries (i.e. plastic surgery), botox injections and more abrasive chemical peels. To combat skin aging, red and near-infrared light is an extraordinarily powerful tool. And you won't get that weird "plastic" look that comes from plastic surgery and botox!

5) Acne Vulgaris
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder in the United States, affecting up to 50 million Americans annually, and 85% of all people – including 40% of adolescents - have acne at some point in their lives [197]. The annual cost of treating acne exceeds $2.2 billion [198]. Though we tend to associate acne with teenagers, published data suggests that about 12% of women over 35 years old continue to have acne. It’s not just physical issue, but an emotional one as well. People react differently to the presence of acne on their face and body, but it often results in poor self-image, depression, anxiety and many times, permanent physical scarring of the skin. A 2001 experiment from Queens Medical Center in Nottingham, UK found that acne was prevalent in 50% of adolescents and had “considerable impact on emotional health in this age group.” [199]
Acne vulgaris, the medical term for acne (or pimples), is a common skin condition that occurs when the hair follicles get clogged with oil, skin cells and bacteria. Symptoms include blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and painful nodules under the skin. Pimples are pus-filled, sometimes painful, bumps on our skin. Current treatments for acne vulgaris include topical and oral medications such as topical antibiotics, topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid or azaleic acid. In severe cases, systemic antibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline, oral retinoids and some hormones may also be indicated [200]. Despite many options that are available for treatment of acne vulgaris, many patients still respond inadequately to treatment or experience some adverse effects.
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder in the United States, affecting up to 50 million Americans annually, and 85% of all people – including 40% of adolescents - have acne at some point in their lives [197]. The annual cost of treating acne exceeds $2.2 billion [198]. Though we tend to associate acne with teenagers, published data suggests that about 12% of women over 35 years old continue to have acne. It’s not just physical issue, but an emotional one as well. People react differently to the presence of acne on their face and body, but it often results in poor self-image, depression, anxiety and many times, permanent physical scarring of the skin. A 2001 experiment from Queens Medical Center in Nottingham, UK found that acne was prevalent in 50% of adolescents and had “considerable impact on emotional health in this age group.” [199]
Acne vulgaris, the medical term for acne (or pimples), is a common skin condition that occurs when the hair follicles get clogged with oil, skin cells and bacteria. Symptoms include blackheads, whiteheads, pimples, and painful nodules under the skin. Pimples are pus-filled, sometimes painful, bumps on our skin. Current treatments for acne vulgaris include topical and oral medications such as topical antibiotics, topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid or azaleic acid. In severe cases, systemic antibiotics such as tetracycline and doxycycline, oral retinoids and some hormones may also be indicated [200]. Despite many options that are available for treatment of acne vulgaris, many patients still respond inadequately to treatment or experience some adverse effects.
The Four Causes of Acne
Before we look at the red and blue light solution to this acne epidemic, let's first look at the four main causes of acne. The first step in acne’s formation is when dead skin cells plug up the sebaceous (oil) glands, a process called hyperkeratinization. This leads to an increase in sebum production, which is the second step of acne forming. Once the follicle is plugged and excess sebum (oil) is produced, this is followed by the third step of acne, increased proliferation of P. Acnes bacteria (Propionibacterium) or C. Acnes bacteria (Cutibacterium). These acne causing bacteria feed on the sebum and multiply, which leads to the fourth step of acne, inflammation. This then manifests as whiteheads, blackheads, pimples and other forms of acne breakouts (along with redness, puffiness and inflammation).
Besides trapped sebum, studies now show that inflammation is not just a consequence of acne, but also a contributing factor in acne formation. This means that inflammation is often present before those acne lesions even begin to develop. Anti-inflammatory strategies like red light therapy can be very helpful in this scenario, which leads us to how red AND blue light therapy can be combined to treat acne with research-proven efficacy.
Before we look at the red and blue light solution to this acne epidemic, let's first look at the four main causes of acne. The first step in acne’s formation is when dead skin cells plug up the sebaceous (oil) glands, a process called hyperkeratinization. This leads to an increase in sebum production, which is the second step of acne forming. Once the follicle is plugged and excess sebum (oil) is produced, this is followed by the third step of acne, increased proliferation of P. Acnes bacteria (Propionibacterium) or C. Acnes bacteria (Cutibacterium). These acne causing bacteria feed on the sebum and multiply, which leads to the fourth step of acne, inflammation. This then manifests as whiteheads, blackheads, pimples and other forms of acne breakouts (along with redness, puffiness and inflammation).
Besides trapped sebum, studies now show that inflammation is not just a consequence of acne, but also a contributing factor in acne formation. This means that inflammation is often present before those acne lesions even begin to develop. Anti-inflammatory strategies like red light therapy can be very helpful in this scenario, which leads us to how red AND blue light therapy can be combined to treat acne with research-proven efficacy.
The Red and Blue Light Solution to Acne
The overall best strategy with light therapy and acne involves the use of both blue light and red light combined. Let's talk about blue first. The mechanism of action of blue light, which is used to treat acne, is quite different than what we have been talking about with red and infrared light. Acne causing bacteria produce these endogenous porphyrins (chromophores), mainly coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX, which absorb blue wavelengths of light, with a maximal absorption in the range of 400 to 415 nm. When the porphyrins absorb these blue wavelengths, they become chemically active, resulting in the formation of reactive free radicals and singlet oxygen, which in turn causes membrane damage to the acne bacteria, leading to their self-destruction. Studies confirm that once blue light (400-415nm) is irradiated on the affected area their is a measurable decrease in bacterial count in acnes skin [201-203]. Also, because it is a shorter wavelength, blue light does not penetrate as deep as red and near infrared which is another reason it is so good for treating acne.
Along with blue light, studies show that it is important to also add 630 nm red light. This should make sense, as we know red light has the benefit of reducing inflammation and redness and stimulating blood flow to the follicle for healing and repair. Along with lowering inflammation and stimulating repair, red light has another benefit as it also has been shown to reduce sebaceous activity, resulting in the creation of less oil (sebum) or food for the bacteria to flourish [204,205].
Looking back on the four main causes of acne, we can see that blue and red light therapy address three of these causes by first killing the acne bacteria with blue light and then lowering inflammation and reducing sebaceous activity with red light! This makes red and blue light therapy the best safe and effective acne treatment option available today!
The overall best strategy with light therapy and acne involves the use of both blue light and red light combined. Let's talk about blue first. The mechanism of action of blue light, which is used to treat acne, is quite different than what we have been talking about with red and infrared light. Acne causing bacteria produce these endogenous porphyrins (chromophores), mainly coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX, which absorb blue wavelengths of light, with a maximal absorption in the range of 400 to 415 nm. When the porphyrins absorb these blue wavelengths, they become chemically active, resulting in the formation of reactive free radicals and singlet oxygen, which in turn causes membrane damage to the acne bacteria, leading to their self-destruction. Studies confirm that once blue light (400-415nm) is irradiated on the affected area their is a measurable decrease in bacterial count in acnes skin [201-203]. Also, because it is a shorter wavelength, blue light does not penetrate as deep as red and near infrared which is another reason it is so good for treating acne.
Along with blue light, studies show that it is important to also add 630 nm red light. This should make sense, as we know red light has the benefit of reducing inflammation and redness and stimulating blood flow to the follicle for healing and repair. Along with lowering inflammation and stimulating repair, red light has another benefit as it also has been shown to reduce sebaceous activity, resulting in the creation of less oil (sebum) or food for the bacteria to flourish [204,205].
Looking back on the four main causes of acne, we can see that blue and red light therapy address three of these causes by first killing the acne bacteria with blue light and then lowering inflammation and reducing sebaceous activity with red light! This makes red and blue light therapy the best safe and effective acne treatment option available today!
Tips to Reducing and Eliminating Acne
1) Use Red and Blue light therapy 10-15 minutes daily with proper research proven wavelengths (415nm and 630nm). Buyer beware: some companies use the wrong wavelengths of blue! You need the blue LEDs to be between 400-415nm for the mechanisms to work. 415nm and 630 together is the best and the most researched.
Focus on 415 for Porphyrin absorption to kill p. and c. acnes
Add 630 for infammation and sebum reduction
Make sure NOT to include any NIR 800+ for acne, as studies show less efficacy on acne when any 800+ wavelength is added. Plus, you want the shallower penetrating wavelengths for the skin for maximal skin absorption.
2) Drink lots of purified or spring water and look into hydrogen water!
3) Eat a whole foods diet making sure you are getting HEALTHY fats!
4) Avoid foods that cause acne which can vary from person to person. Common culprits are processed chocolate, soft drinks (and sugar in general), fast foods, dairy products and any foods you may have an allergy to, which causes inflammation and makes you more susceptible to getting acne. Note: non-organic dairy products contain hormones and growth factors that might lead to acne development. In addition, the majority of adults do not have the right digestive enzymes to process milk and its products, so digestive issues might arise and affect the skin quality in the form of pimples.
5) Daily cleansing is essential. Since the excess oil and dead skin cells are the main cause of acne development, it makes sense that cleansing and exfoliating will prevent and clear pimples.
6) Use tea tree oil, is extracted from the leaves of the Melaleuca Alternifolia tree native to Australia. It is a known anti-bacterial substance that can fight P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria, two common causes of pimples. It is worth mentioning that tea tree oil is potent enough to cause skin irritation if applied directly to the skin. Therefore, it should always be diluted with a safe carrier oil in a ratio of 1 to 10 drops.
7) Use other essential oils. Many, such as rose, lavender, cinnamon, clove, rosemary, lemongrass, basil, witch hazel and orange, have anti-bacteria effects on S. epidermidis and P. acnes that often cause a breakout.
8) Drink green tea. It’s strong antioxidant that contains flavonoids and tannins to reduce inflammation. It also has epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is effective in reducing sebum production and inhibiting the P. acnes bacteria growth.
9) Use aloe vera. The gel in aloe vera leaves is believed to be a strong hydrating agent, but it also has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, along with healing properties. You can make your own Aloe acne remedy by scraping the gel out of an aloe vera leaf with a spoon. Keep it in the fridge and apply the mask once or twice a day on your pimples. Let it sit for 15 minutes and then rinse with lukewarm water.
10) Get plenty of exercise. Exercising helps acne. Doing exercises that increase the breathing rate is a proven method to burn energy, circulate more blood throughout the body and initiate the healing process that often leads to better skin quality. It also regulates hormone levels, which can be helpful in cases of hormonal blemishes.
11) If you work out and exercise regularly, using a post-exercise skin wash is of critical importance since sweating that is left unwashed can attract bacteria and lead to inflammation.
12) Avoid popping pimples. Leaving acne pimples the way they are is the most effective way to prevent further deterioration, since picking or squeezing can spread bacteria on your skin and lead to a breakout. Popping pimples also incurs the risk of scarring, which will require invasive procedures to remove acne scars.
1) Use Red and Blue light therapy 10-15 minutes daily with proper research proven wavelengths (415nm and 630nm). Buyer beware: some companies use the wrong wavelengths of blue! You need the blue LEDs to be between 400-415nm for the mechanisms to work. 415nm and 630 together is the best and the most researched.
Focus on 415 for Porphyrin absorption to kill p. and c. acnes
Add 630 for infammation and sebum reduction
Make sure NOT to include any NIR 800+ for acne, as studies show less efficacy on acne when any 800+ wavelength is added. Plus, you want the shallower penetrating wavelengths for the skin for maximal skin absorption.
2) Drink lots of purified or spring water and look into hydrogen water!
3) Eat a whole foods diet making sure you are getting HEALTHY fats!
4) Avoid foods that cause acne which can vary from person to person. Common culprits are processed chocolate, soft drinks (and sugar in general), fast foods, dairy products and any foods you may have an allergy to, which causes inflammation and makes you more susceptible to getting acne. Note: non-organic dairy products contain hormones and growth factors that might lead to acne development. In addition, the majority of adults do not have the right digestive enzymes to process milk and its products, so digestive issues might arise and affect the skin quality in the form of pimples.
5) Daily cleansing is essential. Since the excess oil and dead skin cells are the main cause of acne development, it makes sense that cleansing and exfoliating will prevent and clear pimples.
6) Use tea tree oil, is extracted from the leaves of the Melaleuca Alternifolia tree native to Australia. It is a known anti-bacterial substance that can fight P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria, two common causes of pimples. It is worth mentioning that tea tree oil is potent enough to cause skin irritation if applied directly to the skin. Therefore, it should always be diluted with a safe carrier oil in a ratio of 1 to 10 drops.
7) Use other essential oils. Many, such as rose, lavender, cinnamon, clove, rosemary, lemongrass, basil, witch hazel and orange, have anti-bacteria effects on S. epidermidis and P. acnes that often cause a breakout.
8) Drink green tea. It’s strong antioxidant that contains flavonoids and tannins to reduce inflammation. It also has epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is effective in reducing sebum production and inhibiting the P. acnes bacteria growth.
9) Use aloe vera. The gel in aloe vera leaves is believed to be a strong hydrating agent, but it also has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, along with healing properties. You can make your own Aloe acne remedy by scraping the gel out of an aloe vera leaf with a spoon. Keep it in the fridge and apply the mask once or twice a day on your pimples. Let it sit for 15 minutes and then rinse with lukewarm water.
10) Get plenty of exercise. Exercising helps acne. Doing exercises that increase the breathing rate is a proven method to burn energy, circulate more blood throughout the body and initiate the healing process that often leads to better skin quality. It also regulates hormone levels, which can be helpful in cases of hormonal blemishes.
11) If you work out and exercise regularly, using a post-exercise skin wash is of critical importance since sweating that is left unwashed can attract bacteria and lead to inflammation.
12) Avoid popping pimples. Leaving acne pimples the way they are is the most effective way to prevent further deterioration, since picking or squeezing can spread bacteria on your skin and lead to a breakout. Popping pimples also incurs the risk of scarring, which will require invasive procedures to remove acne scars.
6) The Red Light Therapy Weight Loss Solution!
One of the most exciting and promising areas of research is using red light therapy, in combination with exercise and diet, for weight loss. Given all the products, devices, programs and supplements on the market claiming they can reduce your weight (usually with no supporting research), we are wise to be skeptical. Employing some tried-and-true strategies may help, but in ways that are stressful, unbalanced and unhealthy. With red light therapy, the research on weight loss and cellulite reduction is both solid and substantial. Best of all, it’s easy to use!
Considering that obesity in America keeps increasing, proven weight loss strategies are very important. According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), more than one-third (38%) of U.S. adults are obese in 2023 (up from 32% in 2019). Obese people have an increased risk of various debilitating, life-threatening conditions, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and cancer, so correcting this condition is vital for long term health. Beyond that, the medical costs to treat obese people are $1,429 higher per year than those of ‘normal’ weight. [206] Losing weight is not only good for your appearance and self-esteem, it can help prevent and even help reverse all the aforementioned life-threatening diseases.
One of the most exciting and promising areas of research is using red light therapy, in combination with exercise and diet, for weight loss. Given all the products, devices, programs and supplements on the market claiming they can reduce your weight (usually with no supporting research), we are wise to be skeptical. Employing some tried-and-true strategies may help, but in ways that are stressful, unbalanced and unhealthy. With red light therapy, the research on weight loss and cellulite reduction is both solid and substantial. Best of all, it’s easy to use!
Considering that obesity in America keeps increasing, proven weight loss strategies are very important. According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), more than one-third (38%) of U.S. adults are obese in 2023 (up from 32% in 2019). Obese people have an increased risk of various debilitating, life-threatening conditions, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and cancer, so correcting this condition is vital for long term health. Beyond that, the medical costs to treat obese people are $1,429 higher per year than those of ‘normal’ weight. [206] Losing weight is not only good for your appearance and self-esteem, it can help prevent and even help reverse all the aforementioned life-threatening diseases.

The Problem
Losing weight seems like it should be easy, doesn’t it? We just need to change our diet and exercise more, right? It’s not that simple for four main reasons. First, dieting can lower our metabolism, which means when we reduce our calories, our metabolism goes down, which means we burn LESS calories on average. Second, usually stubborn areas of fat have very poor circulation, so the fat cannot be transported to be burned as energy. Third, adipocytes (fat cells) themselves come in two forms (white and brown fat). White fat cells (the stubborn fat cells) do not release fat into the bloodstream, making it difficult to burn fat from these types of cells. Finally, certain receptors on adipocytes control the flow of fat in and out of the fat cells. These problematic and stubborn alpha receptors are the “bad guys” that restrict the movement of fat out of the cell, which keeps it locked up. As we'll see, red light therapy reverses all four of these stubborn problems in research-proven ways. But first, let's explore this four-fold problem in a little more detail.
Losing weight seems like it should be easy, doesn’t it? We just need to change our diet and exercise more, right? It’s not that simple for four main reasons. First, dieting can lower our metabolism, which means when we reduce our calories, our metabolism goes down, which means we burn LESS calories on average. Second, usually stubborn areas of fat have very poor circulation, so the fat cannot be transported to be burned as energy. Third, adipocytes (fat cells) themselves come in two forms (white and brown fat). White fat cells (the stubborn fat cells) do not release fat into the bloodstream, making it difficult to burn fat from these types of cells. Finally, certain receptors on adipocytes control the flow of fat in and out of the fat cells. These problematic and stubborn alpha receptors are the “bad guys” that restrict the movement of fat out of the cell, which keeps it locked up. As we'll see, red light therapy reverses all four of these stubborn problems in research-proven ways. But first, let's explore this four-fold problem in a little more detail.
1) Lowered Metabolism
Science has shown us for over several decades that prolonged calorie restrictive dieting and stress lowers our basal metabolic rate (BMR). Our BMR is the number of calories we burn in a day just lying in bed to perform basic normal bodily functions. To lose weight, we want to INCREASE, not lower, our basal metabolic rate, which is why calorie restriction and the stress that comes with it can be counterproductive. Yes, dietary choices are essential to losing weight, but it is not necessary to go hungry, which can and usually backfires with a lowered metabolism. It can even cause a backlash, inspiring us to go on eating binges. Once again, it’s red light to the rescue! As we'll see, red light therapy increases our cellular and bodily metabolism by increasing ATP and mitochondrial functioning, so we’ll burn more calories all day long. Because the fat in fat cells exists in the form of triglycerides, the fat must be broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids so they can then enter the bloodstream, which carries them to the muscle cells for burning. This requires ATP and proper mitochondrial functioning, which results in a healthy metabolism, whereby you burn more calories even at rest!
Science has shown us for over several decades that prolonged calorie restrictive dieting and stress lowers our basal metabolic rate (BMR). Our BMR is the number of calories we burn in a day just lying in bed to perform basic normal bodily functions. To lose weight, we want to INCREASE, not lower, our basal metabolic rate, which is why calorie restriction and the stress that comes with it can be counterproductive. Yes, dietary choices are essential to losing weight, but it is not necessary to go hungry, which can and usually backfires with a lowered metabolism. It can even cause a backlash, inspiring us to go on eating binges. Once again, it’s red light to the rescue! As we'll see, red light therapy increases our cellular and bodily metabolism by increasing ATP and mitochondrial functioning, so we’ll burn more calories all day long. Because the fat in fat cells exists in the form of triglycerides, the fat must be broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids so they can then enter the bloodstream, which carries them to the muscle cells for burning. This requires ATP and proper mitochondrial functioning, which results in a healthy metabolism, whereby you burn more calories even at rest!

2) Stubborn Fat Areas have poor circulation
Sometimes even when try everything to lose weight, there are certain stubborn areas of fat and cellulite deposits that just won't go away, which for men are the love handles and the stomach – or abdomen – and for women typically the thighs and the hips, and often the stomach as well. The main problem is these areas receive a poorer blood flow than visceral fat, which is fat at the center of the body around the organs. If there is little blood flow from those areas, they are not able to dump their fats into the blood to be burned for energy. Research has now shown that a lack or diminished blood flow to a stubborn fatty area might be the biggest factor in hindering fat loss from that area.
This is why most spot-reduction exercises and methods to burn stubborn fat don’t work - like doing abdominal crunches to burn stomach fat. Spot reduction is the idea that we can burn fat in a targeted area by doing exercise that specifically on that area. Muscle and fat are two different tissues, but people confuse the "burn" they feel at the gym (which is in the muscle) with burning fat. Sorry, folks, that burn feeling is ONLY in the muscle! There has been a LOT of research that shows that no matter what we do, spot reduction of stubborn fat through muscle contraction simply does not work. We may strengthen the muscles in that area, but it will have a negligible effect on removing fat there because there are no blood vessels connecting our fatty deposits to your muscles. So even if fats get released from the adipocytes (fat cells) in hard-to-burn-off fatty areas, they won't be burned as energy if there is no blood flow to carry them to the muscles. They end up being deposited right back into the fat cells they originated from, essentially being locked off in that area. This is why we call these pesky cells “stubborn fat.” As we'll see, red light therapy is a solution here because it increases nitric oxide and thereby enhances circulation to these stubborn fat areas. Maybe we should coin a catchy new phrase – how does “mule fat” sound?
Sometimes even when try everything to lose weight, there are certain stubborn areas of fat and cellulite deposits that just won't go away, which for men are the love handles and the stomach – or abdomen – and for women typically the thighs and the hips, and often the stomach as well. The main problem is these areas receive a poorer blood flow than visceral fat, which is fat at the center of the body around the organs. If there is little blood flow from those areas, they are not able to dump their fats into the blood to be burned for energy. Research has now shown that a lack or diminished blood flow to a stubborn fatty area might be the biggest factor in hindering fat loss from that area.
This is why most spot-reduction exercises and methods to burn stubborn fat don’t work - like doing abdominal crunches to burn stomach fat. Spot reduction is the idea that we can burn fat in a targeted area by doing exercise that specifically on that area. Muscle and fat are two different tissues, but people confuse the "burn" they feel at the gym (which is in the muscle) with burning fat. Sorry, folks, that burn feeling is ONLY in the muscle! There has been a LOT of research that shows that no matter what we do, spot reduction of stubborn fat through muscle contraction simply does not work. We may strengthen the muscles in that area, but it will have a negligible effect on removing fat there because there are no blood vessels connecting our fatty deposits to your muscles. So even if fats get released from the adipocytes (fat cells) in hard-to-burn-off fatty areas, they won't be burned as energy if there is no blood flow to carry them to the muscles. They end up being deposited right back into the fat cells they originated from, essentially being locked off in that area. This is why we call these pesky cells “stubborn fat.” As we'll see, red light therapy is a solution here because it increases nitric oxide and thereby enhances circulation to these stubborn fat areas. Maybe we should coin a catchy new phrase – how does “mule fat” sound?

3) Stubborn White Fat Cells Hold onto Fat
Our Founding Fathers may tell us that all men are created equal, but all fat cells are not created alike. While it is more of a spectrum, essentially there are two kinds of fat cells, white and brown. White fat refers to adipocytes (fat cells) composed almost entirely of triglycerides (fat), with very few other cellular components, like a nucleus and just a few mitochondria (see image far right). This type of fat cells store calories/energy for when we need them, but when it comes to weight loss, they are the "bad guys" because the fat they contain is difficult to burn and hard to get in our bloodstream.
Brown fat refers to fat cells that have less triglycerides and more mitochondria. These "good" fat cells can burn their stored fat at a rapid clip by turning fat into heat or energy in a process known as thermogenesis. They help us stay warm when it’s cold, but don’t lead to weight gain under normal conditions. The brown color comes from the high concentration of mitochondria, the main objects in cells whose color comes from their high concentrations of light absorbing chromophores like cytochrome c oxidase. Interestingly, babies and hibernating animals have higher levels of brown fat. Overweight and obese adults have elevated levels of the stubborn white fat. Losing white fat is one of the main keys to weight loss. As we'll see, red light therapy along with exercise can help to both burn white fat AND help to change white fat into brown fat. Also on the fat/color spectrum is beige fat, which is in between white and brown with more mitochondria than white fat and less fat than white. The main difference between these types of fat cells is the density of the mitochondria which give the cells their color.
Our Founding Fathers may tell us that all men are created equal, but all fat cells are not created alike. While it is more of a spectrum, essentially there are two kinds of fat cells, white and brown. White fat refers to adipocytes (fat cells) composed almost entirely of triglycerides (fat), with very few other cellular components, like a nucleus and just a few mitochondria (see image far right). This type of fat cells store calories/energy for when we need them, but when it comes to weight loss, they are the "bad guys" because the fat they contain is difficult to burn and hard to get in our bloodstream.
Brown fat refers to fat cells that have less triglycerides and more mitochondria. These "good" fat cells can burn their stored fat at a rapid clip by turning fat into heat or energy in a process known as thermogenesis. They help us stay warm when it’s cold, but don’t lead to weight gain under normal conditions. The brown color comes from the high concentration of mitochondria, the main objects in cells whose color comes from their high concentrations of light absorbing chromophores like cytochrome c oxidase. Interestingly, babies and hibernating animals have higher levels of brown fat. Overweight and obese adults have elevated levels of the stubborn white fat. Losing white fat is one of the main keys to weight loss. As we'll see, red light therapy along with exercise can help to both burn white fat AND help to change white fat into brown fat. Also on the fat/color spectrum is beige fat, which is in between white and brown with more mitochondria than white fat and less fat than white. The main difference between these types of fat cells is the density of the mitochondria which give the cells their color.
4) Stubborn Alpha Fat Cell Receptors
Fat cells become resistant to releasing fat due to their receptors. There are two types of receptors that respond to adrenaline, beta and alpha. These receptors control the flow of fatty acids in and out of fat cells and the blood flow to the fat cells. Beta receptors are the proverbial "good guys" that increase fat burning and fat tissue blood flow. Alpha receptors are the "bad guys" in that they inhibit fat burning and fat tissue blood flow. Stubborn fat areas have a high concentration of alpha receptors and a low concentration of beta receptors. Not only is there poor blood flow to these fatty areas (making it difficult for the cells to release any fats into the blood to be burned), but these stubborn fat cells with alpha receptors are incredibly resistant to releasing any fats into the small amount of blood flow present. The result is fat stays "locked" up in the stubborn fat adipocytes.
Fat cells become resistant to releasing fat due to their receptors. There are two types of receptors that respond to adrenaline, beta and alpha. These receptors control the flow of fatty acids in and out of fat cells and the blood flow to the fat cells. Beta receptors are the proverbial "good guys" that increase fat burning and fat tissue blood flow. Alpha receptors are the "bad guys" in that they inhibit fat burning and fat tissue blood flow. Stubborn fat areas have a high concentration of alpha receptors and a low concentration of beta receptors. Not only is there poor blood flow to these fatty areas (making it difficult for the cells to release any fats into the blood to be burned), but these stubborn fat cells with alpha receptors are incredibly resistant to releasing any fats into the small amount of blood flow present. The result is fat stays "locked" up in the stubborn fat adipocytes.
The Solution: Red Light Therapy (PLUS Diet and Exercise)
Research shows that red/near-infrared light helps to reverse all primary causes of stubborn fatty deposits. First, it improves mitochondrial function and number, which increases basal metabolism so that our body burns more fat calories. Next, by increasing nitric oxide, red light therapy improves circulation to those stubborn fat areas. Third, it increases the pores in the fat cells so they are able to release their fatty acid contents [207]. Finally, red light therapy stimulates adipocyte apoptosis (cell death) which bursts the fat cells like a bubble releasing their fat contents to be burned as energy. The one caveat to all these wonderful benefits is that we still have to exercise to optimally burn the fat, but at least the stubborn fat is released so it can be burned! Let's look at these mechanisms more closely to see how red light therapy literally melts the fat away.
Research shows that red/near-infrared light helps to reverse all primary causes of stubborn fatty deposits. First, it improves mitochondrial function and number, which increases basal metabolism so that our body burns more fat calories. Next, by increasing nitric oxide, red light therapy improves circulation to those stubborn fat areas. Third, it increases the pores in the fat cells so they are able to release their fatty acid contents [207]. Finally, red light therapy stimulates adipocyte apoptosis (cell death) which bursts the fat cells like a bubble releasing their fat contents to be burned as energy. The one caveat to all these wonderful benefits is that we still have to exercise to optimally burn the fat, but at least the stubborn fat is released so it can be burned! Let's look at these mechanisms more closely to see how red light therapy literally melts the fat away.
1) Increased Metabolism (short term) & Mitochondrial Genesis (long term)
The primary mechanism of red light therapy for weight loss is simple – it increases our metabolic rate. As mentioned in our descriptions of red and infrared light, light therapy stimulates our mitochondria (the cell’s power source) to increase glucose and fatty acid oxidation. This inevitably results in more ATP, or cellular energy, being produced concurrently with more fat being burned. Anyone who has been on repeated low calorie or other diets, or been through periods of stress, will have a diminished metabolic rate. Red and infrared light helps to battle against this, providing a healthy boost to energy and a robust buffer against stress. In the short term, by using red light therapy, our body will burn more calories, with a subsequent increase in energy and a higher metabolism, both of which are critical for weight loss. Most importantly, a red light therapy session will boost energy production (and fat consumption) in both white and brown fat adipocyte fat cells, burning away the fats at the source.
There is also a long term beneficial effect of red light therapy which we discussed in chapter 6 called mitochondrial biogenesis, the creation of new mitochondria. The key location is in white fat cells, which have fewer mitochondria than most cells in the body (excluding red blood cells, which have none). By increasing the number of mitochondria in white fat cells, they can be transformed into beige fat cells (which is more in the direction of brown fat cells). This is a slower but assuredly research-proven process that will create a higher profile of healthier beige and even brown fat cells which have less fat, more mitochondria and are a much better energy source. Fats CAN be a great source of energy as there are nine calories per gram versus four calories per gram of both carbohydrates and proteins.
Important Note: To re-emphasize, it is critical to combine exercise, especially strength training, with red light therapy so these fats can be burned up after they are released. Red light therapy alone helps a little by increasing metabolism, but the real magic comes from combining exercise with a lower carb whole foods diet, and making sure we get plenty of rest. There is no need for metabolism reducing low calorie diets, but we must get ourselves to the gym, ideally after partaking in a red light therapy session.
The primary mechanism of red light therapy for weight loss is simple – it increases our metabolic rate. As mentioned in our descriptions of red and infrared light, light therapy stimulates our mitochondria (the cell’s power source) to increase glucose and fatty acid oxidation. This inevitably results in more ATP, or cellular energy, being produced concurrently with more fat being burned. Anyone who has been on repeated low calorie or other diets, or been through periods of stress, will have a diminished metabolic rate. Red and infrared light helps to battle against this, providing a healthy boost to energy and a robust buffer against stress. In the short term, by using red light therapy, our body will burn more calories, with a subsequent increase in energy and a higher metabolism, both of which are critical for weight loss. Most importantly, a red light therapy session will boost energy production (and fat consumption) in both white and brown fat adipocyte fat cells, burning away the fats at the source.
There is also a long term beneficial effect of red light therapy which we discussed in chapter 6 called mitochondrial biogenesis, the creation of new mitochondria. The key location is in white fat cells, which have fewer mitochondria than most cells in the body (excluding red blood cells, which have none). By increasing the number of mitochondria in white fat cells, they can be transformed into beige fat cells (which is more in the direction of brown fat cells). This is a slower but assuredly research-proven process that will create a higher profile of healthier beige and even brown fat cells which have less fat, more mitochondria and are a much better energy source. Fats CAN be a great source of energy as there are nine calories per gram versus four calories per gram of both carbohydrates and proteins.
Important Note: To re-emphasize, it is critical to combine exercise, especially strength training, with red light therapy so these fats can be burned up after they are released. Red light therapy alone helps a little by increasing metabolism, but the real magic comes from combining exercise with a lower carb whole foods diet, and making sure we get plenty of rest. There is no need for metabolism reducing low calorie diets, but we must get ourselves to the gym, ideally after partaking in a red light therapy session.
2) Increased Nitric Oxide = Improved circulation and microcirculation to stubborn fat areas
In addition to the metabolic boost we see, red and infrared light also improves blood flow in the area it is applied, which of course is a good reason to get a full body red light therapy panel or bed. In chapter 7, we went over several mechanisms and many research studies showing how red and near infrared light therapy increases both blood and lymphatic circulation. Recall that nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that widens and relaxes the blood vessels so that blood is able to flow smoother and easier, and more effectively reach all tissues and cells.
Fat tissues in our body, especially those stubborn fat areas, have limited access to blood, so improving blood flow through the different layers of fat is essential to helping burn it off. If there is poor circulation, even if the fat is released from the adipocytes, it will end up being redeposited because it has nowhere to go. By improving both metabolism and circulation/microcirculation, red and near infrared light therapy provides research-proven mechanisms for reducing stubborn fat (in combination with exercise and a whole foods diet).
In addition to the metabolic boost we see, red and infrared light also improves blood flow in the area it is applied, which of course is a good reason to get a full body red light therapy panel or bed. In chapter 7, we went over several mechanisms and many research studies showing how red and near infrared light therapy increases both blood and lymphatic circulation. Recall that nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that widens and relaxes the blood vessels so that blood is able to flow smoother and easier, and more effectively reach all tissues and cells.
Fat tissues in our body, especially those stubborn fat areas, have limited access to blood, so improving blood flow through the different layers of fat is essential to helping burn it off. If there is poor circulation, even if the fat is released from the adipocytes, it will end up being redeposited because it has nowhere to go. By improving both metabolism and circulation/microcirculation, red and near infrared light therapy provides research-proven mechanisms for reducing stubborn fat (in combination with exercise and a whole foods diet).
3) Open pores of adipocytes to allow fat to be released from stubborn white fat cells
A third research-proven mechanism of red and near infrared light therapy is based upon production of transient pores in adipocytes (fat cells), allowing lipids to leak out [207]. This is especially important for the white fat cells and adipocytes with alpha receptors. The otherwise trapped fat is now given an opening or door for escape through these transient pores created from red light therapy (see images below). These newly formed pores release cellular fatty acids which can then be burned up as energy [208-212],
So with this third mechanism everything comes together in a perfect storm of fat burning glory. Red light therapy first and foremost increases fat burning metabolism by accelerating the function and number of mitochondria. Next, it creates transient pores in fat cells that allow all fats to be released into the bloodstream. Then by improving microcirculation to these fatty areas that usually have poor circulation, the released fatty acids can be carried away by the blood to the muscles and other active tissue to be burned up as energy [213]. All of these mechanisms work together, giving the fortunate end user one of the most effective fat-burning tools available today when combined with diet and especially exercise (because guess what? We still have to work to burn this released fat off!).
A third research-proven mechanism of red and near infrared light therapy is based upon production of transient pores in adipocytes (fat cells), allowing lipids to leak out [207]. This is especially important for the white fat cells and adipocytes with alpha receptors. The otherwise trapped fat is now given an opening or door for escape through these transient pores created from red light therapy (see images below). These newly formed pores release cellular fatty acids which can then be burned up as energy [208-212],
So with this third mechanism everything comes together in a perfect storm of fat burning glory. Red light therapy first and foremost increases fat burning metabolism by accelerating the function and number of mitochondria. Next, it creates transient pores in fat cells that allow all fats to be released into the bloodstream. Then by improving microcirculation to these fatty areas that usually have poor circulation, the released fatty acids can be carried away by the blood to the muscles and other active tissue to be burned up as energy [213]. All of these mechanisms work together, giving the fortunate end user one of the most effective fat-burning tools available today when combined with diet and especially exercise (because guess what? We still have to work to burn this released fat off!).
A sampling of Red Light Therapy Weight Loss Research:
1) In studies, red and near-infrared light therapy have helped shave an entire 3.5 to 5.17 inches off waist and hip circumference by reducing the fat mass layer in just four weeks of use [213,214]
2) In another study of 86 individuals using red light therapy at 635 nm for 20 minutes every other day for two weeks, study participants lost 2.99 inches across all body parts—yes, 3 inches—in just 14 days of red light therapy. [215]
3) Some research shows that near-infrared light therapy can dramatically enhance—nearly double— fat loss from exercise, as compared to people doing just the exercise routine without the NIR light therapy. [216]
4) A group of 20 women riding stationary bicycles three times per week for 4 weeks while being exposed to NIR lost (on their waist, hips, and thighs) an average of eight centimeters or 444% more fat (specifically on the waist, hips, and thighs) as compared to 20 women doing the same exercise without NIR. [217]
5) In 2015, a team of researchers from the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil tested the effects of near-infrared light (808nm) on 64 obese women randomly assigned to one of two groups: Exercise (aerobic & resistance) training + phototherapy or exercise (aerobic & resistance) training + no phototherapy. The study took place over a 20-week period, during which both groups of obese women underwent exercise training three times a week. At the end of each training session, one group of women received light therapy and the other did not. The results? Remarkably, the women who received the near-infrared light therapy following exercise doubled the amount of fat loss compared to exercise alone. Additionally, the women in the exercise + phototherapy group were reported to have a greater increase in skeletal muscle mass than the placebo group. [218]
6) Other studies have reported similar findings in obese people who combined exercise with red light therapy, but even studies that didn’t include exercise have reported significant fat reduction from light therapy alone. Scientists from George Washington University conducted an independent physician-led trial in 2013 to test the ability of red laser light (635nm) to reduce fat on the waist, hips and thighs of obese individuals. Laser treatments were administered to eight obese patients that consisted of 20 minute sessions every second day for two weeks. When researchers assessed the patients three weeks after the trial began (one week after treatments ended), the results were remarkable. “Compared with baseline, a statistically significant 2.99 in. (7.59 cm) mean loss was observed at the post-procedure evaluation point (P < 0.0001).” Translation: Patients lost three inches of fat in just two weeks of red light therapy treatment. [219,220]
1) In studies, red and near-infrared light therapy have helped shave an entire 3.5 to 5.17 inches off waist and hip circumference by reducing the fat mass layer in just four weeks of use [213,214]
2) In another study of 86 individuals using red light therapy at 635 nm for 20 minutes every other day for two weeks, study participants lost 2.99 inches across all body parts—yes, 3 inches—in just 14 days of red light therapy. [215]
3) Some research shows that near-infrared light therapy can dramatically enhance—nearly double— fat loss from exercise, as compared to people doing just the exercise routine without the NIR light therapy. [216]
4) A group of 20 women riding stationary bicycles three times per week for 4 weeks while being exposed to NIR lost (on their waist, hips, and thighs) an average of eight centimeters or 444% more fat (specifically on the waist, hips, and thighs) as compared to 20 women doing the same exercise without NIR. [217]
5) In 2015, a team of researchers from the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil tested the effects of near-infrared light (808nm) on 64 obese women randomly assigned to one of two groups: Exercise (aerobic & resistance) training + phototherapy or exercise (aerobic & resistance) training + no phototherapy. The study took place over a 20-week period, during which both groups of obese women underwent exercise training three times a week. At the end of each training session, one group of women received light therapy and the other did not. The results? Remarkably, the women who received the near-infrared light therapy following exercise doubled the amount of fat loss compared to exercise alone. Additionally, the women in the exercise + phototherapy group were reported to have a greater increase in skeletal muscle mass than the placebo group. [218]
6) Other studies have reported similar findings in obese people who combined exercise with red light therapy, but even studies that didn’t include exercise have reported significant fat reduction from light therapy alone. Scientists from George Washington University conducted an independent physician-led trial in 2013 to test the ability of red laser light (635nm) to reduce fat on the waist, hips and thighs of obese individuals. Laser treatments were administered to eight obese patients that consisted of 20 minute sessions every second day for two weeks. When researchers assessed the patients three weeks after the trial began (one week after treatments ended), the results were remarkable. “Compared with baseline, a statistically significant 2.99 in. (7.59 cm) mean loss was observed at the post-procedure evaluation point (P < 0.0001).” Translation: Patients lost three inches of fat in just two weeks of red light therapy treatment. [219,220]
Stubborn Fat Burning Protocol:
Step 1: Use a Full Body Red Light Therapy Bed or Panel
Use a full body red and near infrared bed or panel daily with the proper wavelengths and dosage for weight loss. Typically, this will be 15-20 minutes using and irradiance of ideally around 32-35 mW/cm^2 (see chapter 11 for a more detailed dosage guide). For burning fat, you want more deeper-penetrating wavelengths, so focus more on the 800s and one 900, but include 600s too for balance. For example, a good combination for fat burning would be these six wavelengths: 630, 660, 810, 830, 850, 980. You want more 800s here than 600s if you have the ability to shift the power to the 800s more (like say 75% power to near infrared 800s and 900s and 25% power to 600s for deeper pain-relieving penetration). Focus more on deeper penetrating NIR to melt fat away.
Step 2: Exercise Vigorously
After the full body red light session, engage in vigorous exercise, which can be whole body weight training (like a full nautilus circuit at the gym), vigorous whole body vibration 10-15 minutes, EWOT (exercise with oxygen training) using an exercise bike, treadmill or elliptical, or any fast paced bodyweight exercises like squats, pushups, burpees, jumps, jumping rope, running or cycling. The key here is, MOVE YOUR BODY VIGOROUS AFTER THE RED LIGHT THERAPY session so the stubborn fat that is released using red light therapy can be burned up.
Step 3: Go for a walk
Go for a long walk for 30-60 minutes. This helps to keep your body warm, especially the stubborn fat area to keep optimal blood circulation going in those areas.
Step 1: Use a Full Body Red Light Therapy Bed or Panel
Use a full body red and near infrared bed or panel daily with the proper wavelengths and dosage for weight loss. Typically, this will be 15-20 minutes using and irradiance of ideally around 32-35 mW/cm^2 (see chapter 11 for a more detailed dosage guide). For burning fat, you want more deeper-penetrating wavelengths, so focus more on the 800s and one 900, but include 600s too for balance. For example, a good combination for fat burning would be these six wavelengths: 630, 660, 810, 830, 850, 980. You want more 800s here than 600s if you have the ability to shift the power to the 800s more (like say 75% power to near infrared 800s and 900s and 25% power to 600s for deeper pain-relieving penetration). Focus more on deeper penetrating NIR to melt fat away.
Step 2: Exercise Vigorously
After the full body red light session, engage in vigorous exercise, which can be whole body weight training (like a full nautilus circuit at the gym), vigorous whole body vibration 10-15 minutes, EWOT (exercise with oxygen training) using an exercise bike, treadmill or elliptical, or any fast paced bodyweight exercises like squats, pushups, burpees, jumps, jumping rope, running or cycling. The key here is, MOVE YOUR BODY VIGOROUS AFTER THE RED LIGHT THERAPY session so the stubborn fat that is released using red light therapy can be burned up.
Step 3: Go for a walk
Go for a long walk for 30-60 minutes. This helps to keep your body warm, especially the stubborn fat area to keep optimal blood circulation going in those areas.

Cellulite Reduction with Red Light Therapy
About 90 percent of American women have some of cellulite on their bodies. The bumpy indentations can also unpleasantly show up on men and even teenagers of both genders. Cellulite occurs when deposits of fat lump together and push upwards towards the surface of our skin. The result is patches of dimples that aren’t so cute.
Cellulite is not only the domain of fat or overweight people either. Thin people struggle with the unsightly burden of cottage cheese-like skin they same as heavier people do. Cellulite becomes more noticeable when you carry extra weight around. But it’s sometimes worse if we spend considerable time staying in shape, only to spot a patch of dimples on our thigh when we look in the mirror.
The term cellulite (medically known as gynoid lipodystrophy) originated in the 1920s by spa and beauty services to promote their services. The uneven distribution of fat in areas such as the butt or thighs, two major parts of the body where fats are deposited, results in the lumpy appearance of the skin. The bumpy “orange peel” or the “cottage cheese” texture is due to the expanding fat cells just beneath the surface of the skin that bulge out through a web of connective tissue.
About 90 percent of American women have some of cellulite on their bodies. The bumpy indentations can also unpleasantly show up on men and even teenagers of both genders. Cellulite occurs when deposits of fat lump together and push upwards towards the surface of our skin. The result is patches of dimples that aren’t so cute.
Cellulite is not only the domain of fat or overweight people either. Thin people struggle with the unsightly burden of cottage cheese-like skin they same as heavier people do. Cellulite becomes more noticeable when you carry extra weight around. But it’s sometimes worse if we spend considerable time staying in shape, only to spot a patch of dimples on our thigh when we look in the mirror.
The term cellulite (medically known as gynoid lipodystrophy) originated in the 1920s by spa and beauty services to promote their services. The uneven distribution of fat in areas such as the butt or thighs, two major parts of the body where fats are deposited, results in the lumpy appearance of the skin. The bumpy “orange peel” or the “cottage cheese” texture is due to the expanding fat cells just beneath the surface of the skin that bulge out through a web of connective tissue.
Four Mechanisms of Cellulite
Toxic Accumulation: The body can use cellulite as a defense to push toxins away from the vital organs. By improving our lymphatics and detoxing our body, we increase our chances of reducing or removing cellulite.
Excess Fat/Enlarged Fat Cells: When fat cells expand with increase amounts of fats, they expand and push out the dermis and wrinkle the epidermis/outer skin.
Poor Circulation: This relates to our discussion of weight loss, and the same goes for cellulite. When the fat cannot be released to be burned as energy, it stays "locked up."
Unhealthy/Damaged collagen and elastin: When the fat cells expand, they stretch and damage the connective tissue within the dermis. This further distorts and creates the "cottage cheese" appearance.
Toxic Accumulation: The body can use cellulite as a defense to push toxins away from the vital organs. By improving our lymphatics and detoxing our body, we increase our chances of reducing or removing cellulite.
Excess Fat/Enlarged Fat Cells: When fat cells expand with increase amounts of fats, they expand and push out the dermis and wrinkle the epidermis/outer skin.
Poor Circulation: This relates to our discussion of weight loss, and the same goes for cellulite. When the fat cannot be released to be burned as energy, it stays "locked up."
Unhealthy/Damaged collagen and elastin: When the fat cells expand, they stretch and damage the connective tissue within the dermis. This further distorts and creates the "cottage cheese" appearance.
So how does this all happen? Cellulite can appear on our butt and the back of our thighs for multiple reasons, but here is a list of some common causes.
1. Lack of physical activity – Flaccid muscles don’t support the overlying tissues
2. Fluid retention – The build-up of excess fluids (toxins) in the body contributes
3. Dehydration – Start drinking more water, please!
4. Hormonal changes – Proper medications can improve the condition
5. Weak collagen structure – This can happen even to younger women
6. Consuming unhealthy food – Say no to untimely snacks and too much sugar
7. Smoking – Few things impact our tissues to a greater degree
8. Certain lifestyles – Stress and lack of sleep
9. Weight loss – Cellulite trapped in pockets may remain
10. Sitting for long periods (lack of circulation)
11. Tight clothing
12. Being overweight – the fat cells accumulate mostly in the buttocks and thighs of women
13. Aging – loss of collagen and elastin
1. Lack of physical activity – Flaccid muscles don’t support the overlying tissues
2. Fluid retention – The build-up of excess fluids (toxins) in the body contributes
3. Dehydration – Start drinking more water, please!
4. Hormonal changes – Proper medications can improve the condition
5. Weak collagen structure – This can happen even to younger women
6. Consuming unhealthy food – Say no to untimely snacks and too much sugar
7. Smoking – Few things impact our tissues to a greater degree
8. Certain lifestyles – Stress and lack of sleep
9. Weight loss – Cellulite trapped in pockets may remain
10. Sitting for long periods (lack of circulation)
11. Tight clothing
12. Being overweight – the fat cells accumulate mostly in the buttocks and thighs of women
13. Aging – loss of collagen and elastin

The Red Light Cellulite Solution
When we consider how red light therapy helps with both wrinkles and weight loss, many of the same mechanisms apply to cellulite and wrinkled superficial fat. Like wrinkles, cellulite is partly caused by damage to the dermal collagen and elastin matrix. Because red and near infrared light increases collagen by 31% based on one study, it will help repair the damaged collagen and elastin and/or help to create new collagen matrix proteins, which will tighten and firm the skin.
By causing fat cells to release their fat content into the blood, by creating pores via weight loss, the fat is released from its proverbial prison so it can be burned as energy. To enhance this multi-faceted process, red light therapy increases microcirculation so the fats are delivered to the muscles and other organs where they can be burned off as energy. Red light therapy ALSO improves lymphatic circulation, which helps the body detoxify whatever toxins the cellulite has stored to protect the body's vital organs. Red light therapy is one of the only scientifically proven ways to reduce cellulite. Put another way, RLT is the archenemy of cottage cheese!
Here are two powerful studies showing how red and near infrared light reduces cellulite.
One study found that when red and near-infrared light therapy is combined with massage, it led to an astounding 71% reduction in cellulite ! [221]
Another study that assessed the use of red and near-infrared light therapy on skin health found that “91% of subjects reported improved skin tone, and 82% reported enhanced smoothness of skin in the treatment area .” [222]
When we consider how red light therapy helps with both wrinkles and weight loss, many of the same mechanisms apply to cellulite and wrinkled superficial fat. Like wrinkles, cellulite is partly caused by damage to the dermal collagen and elastin matrix. Because red and near infrared light increases collagen by 31% based on one study, it will help repair the damaged collagen and elastin and/or help to create new collagen matrix proteins, which will tighten and firm the skin.
By causing fat cells to release their fat content into the blood, by creating pores via weight loss, the fat is released from its proverbial prison so it can be burned as energy. To enhance this multi-faceted process, red light therapy increases microcirculation so the fats are delivered to the muscles and other organs where they can be burned off as energy. Red light therapy ALSO improves lymphatic circulation, which helps the body detoxify whatever toxins the cellulite has stored to protect the body's vital organs. Red light therapy is one of the only scientifically proven ways to reduce cellulite. Put another way, RLT is the archenemy of cottage cheese!
Here are two powerful studies showing how red and near infrared light reduces cellulite.
One study found that when red and near-infrared light therapy is combined with massage, it led to an astounding 71% reduction in cellulite ! [221]
Another study that assessed the use of red and near-infrared light therapy on skin health found that “91% of subjects reported improved skin tone, and 82% reported enhanced smoothness of skin in the treatment area .” [222]
Because being overweight and having cellulite is such a widespread epidemic, below is a bonus section with added tips to help burn stubborn fat and melt cellulite away.
BONUS - More Weight Loss, Fat Burning and Cellulite Reduction Tips!
1) Do the Stubborn Fat Burning Protocol Daily
Use a full body red light bed or panel - see previous section.
2) Cut Down on Refined Carbs
Refined carbs undergo extensive processing, reducing the amount of fiber and micronutrients in the final product. These foods spike blood sugar levels, increase hunger and are associated with increased body weight and belly fat. It’s optimal to limit refined carbs like white bread, pasta and prepackaged foods. Opt instead for whole-grain products like oats, brown rice, quinoa, buckwheat and barley[223].
3) Add Resistance Training to Your Routine
Resistance training builds muscle and increases endurance. It’s especially beneficial for women over 50, as it increases the number of calories that your body burns at rest [224]. It also helps preserve bone mineral density to protect against osteoporosis. Lifting weights, using gym equipment and performing body-weight exercises are a few simple ways to get started.
4) Drink More Water
Drinking more water is an easy and effective way to promote weight loss with minimal effort. According to one study, drinking 16.9 ounces (500 ml) of water temporarily increased the number of calories burned by 30% after 30–40 minutes. Studies also show that drinking water before a meal can increase weight loss and reduce the number of calories consumed by around 13% [225].
5) Set a Regular Sleep Schedule
Studies suggest that getting enough sleep may be just as crucial to losing weight as diet and exercise. Multiple studies have associated sleep deprivation with increased body weight and higher levels of ghrelin, the hormone produced in your stomach that is responsible for stimulating hunger. Furthermore, one study of women showed that getting at least seven hours of sleep each night and improving overall sleep quality increased the likelihood of successful weight loss by 33%! [226]
6) Snack Smarter
Selecting healthy, low-calorie snacks is a great way to lose weight and stay on track by minimizing hunger levels between meals. Choose snacks that are high in protein and fiber to promote fullness and curb cravings. Whole fruit paired with nut butter, veggies with hummus, and Greek yogurt with nuts are examples of nutritious snacks that can support long-lasting weight loss.
7) Ditch the Diet
Although fad diets often promise quick weight loss, they can do more harm than good when it comes to your waistline and overall health. One study of college women showed that eliminating certain foods from their diet increased cravings and overeating. Fad diets can also promote unhealthy eating habits and lead to yo-yo dieting, both of which are detrimental to long-term weight loss [227].
8) Squeeze in More Steps
When you’re pressed for time and unable to fit in a full workout, squeezing more steps into your day is an easy way to burn extra calories and increase weight loss. In fact, it’s estimated that non-exercise-related activity may account for 50% of the calories your body burns throughout the day. Taking the stairs instead of the elevator, parking further from the door and taking a walk during your lunch break are a few simple strategies to bump up your total number of steps and burn more calories.
9) Keep Stress Under Control
Some studies suggest that increased stress levels can contribute to a higher risk of weight gain over time [228]. Stress may also alter eating patterns and contribute to issues like overeating and binging [229]. Exercising, listening to music, practicing yoga, journaling and talking to friends or family members are several easy and effective ways to lower stress levels.
10) Take a Probiotic Supplement
Probiotics are a type of beneficial bacteria that can be consumed through food or supplements to help support gut health. Studies show that probiotics can promote weight loss by increasing the excretion of fat and altering hormone levels to reduce appetite [230]. In particular, Lactobacillus gasseri is a strain of probiotic that’s especially effective. Studies show that it can help decrease belly fat and overall body weight [231].
11) Chew Slower
Making a conscious effort to chew slowly and thoroughly can help increase weight loss by cutting down on the amount of food you eat. One study showed that chewing food either 150% or 200% more than normal reduced food intake by 9.5% and 14.8%, respectively. [232]
12) Limit Processed Foods
Processed foods are typically high in calories, sugar, and sodium — yet low in important nutrients like protein, fiber and micronutrients. Studies show that consuming more processed foods is associated with excess body weight. [233] It’s best to limit your intake of processed foods and opt for whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, healthy fats, lean proteins, whole grains, and legumes.
13) Cut Back on Added Sugar
Added sugar is a major contributor to weight gain and serious health issues, such as diabetes and heart disease [234]. Foods high in added sugar are loaded with extra calories but lacking in the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein that your body needs to thrive. For this reason, it’s best to minimize your intake of sugary foods like soda, candy, fruit juice, sports drinks and sweets to help promote weight loss and optimize overall health.
14) Try other energy medicine devices like PEMF therapy, Sauna Therapy and whole-body vibration. These modalities are also proven to help with weight loss.
1) Do the Stubborn Fat Burning Protocol Daily
Use a full body red light bed or panel - see previous section.
2) Cut Down on Refined Carbs
Refined carbs undergo extensive processing, reducing the amount of fiber and micronutrients in the final product. These foods spike blood sugar levels, increase hunger and are associated with increased body weight and belly fat. It’s optimal to limit refined carbs like white bread, pasta and prepackaged foods. Opt instead for whole-grain products like oats, brown rice, quinoa, buckwheat and barley[223].
3) Add Resistance Training to Your Routine
Resistance training builds muscle and increases endurance. It’s especially beneficial for women over 50, as it increases the number of calories that your body burns at rest [224]. It also helps preserve bone mineral density to protect against osteoporosis. Lifting weights, using gym equipment and performing body-weight exercises are a few simple ways to get started.
4) Drink More Water
Drinking more water is an easy and effective way to promote weight loss with minimal effort. According to one study, drinking 16.9 ounces (500 ml) of water temporarily increased the number of calories burned by 30% after 30–40 minutes. Studies also show that drinking water before a meal can increase weight loss and reduce the number of calories consumed by around 13% [225].
5) Set a Regular Sleep Schedule
Studies suggest that getting enough sleep may be just as crucial to losing weight as diet and exercise. Multiple studies have associated sleep deprivation with increased body weight and higher levels of ghrelin, the hormone produced in your stomach that is responsible for stimulating hunger. Furthermore, one study of women showed that getting at least seven hours of sleep each night and improving overall sleep quality increased the likelihood of successful weight loss by 33%! [226]
6) Snack Smarter
Selecting healthy, low-calorie snacks is a great way to lose weight and stay on track by minimizing hunger levels between meals. Choose snacks that are high in protein and fiber to promote fullness and curb cravings. Whole fruit paired with nut butter, veggies with hummus, and Greek yogurt with nuts are examples of nutritious snacks that can support long-lasting weight loss.
7) Ditch the Diet
Although fad diets often promise quick weight loss, they can do more harm than good when it comes to your waistline and overall health. One study of college women showed that eliminating certain foods from their diet increased cravings and overeating. Fad diets can also promote unhealthy eating habits and lead to yo-yo dieting, both of which are detrimental to long-term weight loss [227].
8) Squeeze in More Steps
When you’re pressed for time and unable to fit in a full workout, squeezing more steps into your day is an easy way to burn extra calories and increase weight loss. In fact, it’s estimated that non-exercise-related activity may account for 50% of the calories your body burns throughout the day. Taking the stairs instead of the elevator, parking further from the door and taking a walk during your lunch break are a few simple strategies to bump up your total number of steps and burn more calories.
9) Keep Stress Under Control
Some studies suggest that increased stress levels can contribute to a higher risk of weight gain over time [228]. Stress may also alter eating patterns and contribute to issues like overeating and binging [229]. Exercising, listening to music, practicing yoga, journaling and talking to friends or family members are several easy and effective ways to lower stress levels.
10) Take a Probiotic Supplement
Probiotics are a type of beneficial bacteria that can be consumed through food or supplements to help support gut health. Studies show that probiotics can promote weight loss by increasing the excretion of fat and altering hormone levels to reduce appetite [230]. In particular, Lactobacillus gasseri is a strain of probiotic that’s especially effective. Studies show that it can help decrease belly fat and overall body weight [231].
11) Chew Slower
Making a conscious effort to chew slowly and thoroughly can help increase weight loss by cutting down on the amount of food you eat. One study showed that chewing food either 150% or 200% more than normal reduced food intake by 9.5% and 14.8%, respectively. [232]
12) Limit Processed Foods
Processed foods are typically high in calories, sugar, and sodium — yet low in important nutrients like protein, fiber and micronutrients. Studies show that consuming more processed foods is associated with excess body weight. [233] It’s best to limit your intake of processed foods and opt for whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, healthy fats, lean proteins, whole grains, and legumes.
13) Cut Back on Added Sugar
Added sugar is a major contributor to weight gain and serious health issues, such as diabetes and heart disease [234]. Foods high in added sugar are loaded with extra calories but lacking in the vitamins, minerals, fiber and protein that your body needs to thrive. For this reason, it’s best to minimize your intake of sugary foods like soda, candy, fruit juice, sports drinks and sweets to help promote weight loss and optimize overall health.
14) Try other energy medicine devices like PEMF therapy, Sauna Therapy and whole-body vibration. These modalities are also proven to help with weight loss.

Summarizing all the Amazing Benefits of Full Body Red and Near- Infrared Light Therapy
Red and near-infrared light therapy is one of the most powerful tools we can use daily to greatly enhance our health and vitality. For athletes, it will help them to perform better and recover faster. For those suffering any form of pain or injury, red light therapy will help reduce the pain and heal better and quicker. RLT is also one of the most effective anti-aging devices to help us not only feel better on the inside, but look younger, healthier and more attractive on the outside by reducing fine lines and wrinkles while helping us drop those pesky pounds and remove cellulite.
If there were a literal drug with all the scientific research that red and near infrared light therapy has showing all the benefits we have examined, it would probably be labeled and marketed as a “miracle drug,” prescribed to everyone. Here’s the great news! We don’t need a prescription! We can invest in a full body red light therapy panel or bed and create a virtual mini "healing center" in our house. In the next three chapters, we'll look at what you want in a full body red light therapy device, including the all-important right wavelengths and proper dosage (irradiance and dosage time). There are many other considerations that we will outline in chapter 13 in the form of a handy and helpful buyer’s guide. Let's first explore in more detail the best wavelengths to use in our red light therapy panel or bed.
Red and near-infrared light therapy is one of the most powerful tools we can use daily to greatly enhance our health and vitality. For athletes, it will help them to perform better and recover faster. For those suffering any form of pain or injury, red light therapy will help reduce the pain and heal better and quicker. RLT is also one of the most effective anti-aging devices to help us not only feel better on the inside, but look younger, healthier and more attractive on the outside by reducing fine lines and wrinkles while helping us drop those pesky pounds and remove cellulite.
If there were a literal drug with all the scientific research that red and near infrared light therapy has showing all the benefits we have examined, it would probably be labeled and marketed as a “miracle drug,” prescribed to everyone. Here’s the great news! We don’t need a prescription! We can invest in a full body red light therapy panel or bed and create a virtual mini "healing center" in our house. In the next three chapters, we'll look at what you want in a full body red light therapy device, including the all-important right wavelengths and proper dosage (irradiance and dosage time). There are many other considerations that we will outline in chapter 13 in the form of a handy and helpful buyer’s guide. Let's first explore in more detail the best wavelengths to use in our red light therapy panel or bed.
References Chapter 9
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NO MORE EDITING OR ILLUSTRATIONS PAST THIS POINT
NO MORE EDITING OR ILLUSTRATIONS PAST THIS POINT

[Bonus Section] - **Add More later**
Red Light Therapy can be a "Hair Raising" experience (Usually for Men).
In the area of aesthetics, another benefit is hair growth. We have talked a lot about cellular energy and cell signaling, and RLT has been shown in studies to activate signaling pathways in dermal papilla cells (specialized hair growth cells) at the base of the follicle to help with regrowth.
Another plus is the increased blood circulation that occurs as a result of RLT. This can help oxygenate and provide essential nutrients to the dermal papilla cells.
Red Light Therapy can be a "Hair Raising" experience (Usually for Men).
In the area of aesthetics, another benefit is hair growth. We have talked a lot about cellular energy and cell signaling, and RLT has been shown in studies to activate signaling pathways in dermal papilla cells (specialized hair growth cells) at the base of the follicle to help with regrowth.
Another plus is the increased blood circulation that occurs as a result of RLT. This can help oxygenate and provide essential nutrients to the dermal papilla cells.
Let's now look at a couple samples from the numerous studies have shown that red/NIR light affect athletic performance, strength, endurance, increased muscle gain as well as recovery from exercise.
Enhancing physical performance and muscle recovery afterward
Sommer, A., Haddad, M. & Fecht, HJ. Light Effect on Water Viscosity: Implication for ATP Biosynthesis. Sci Rep 5, 12029 (2015).
Study #1
One study looked at the number of reps that 34 athletes were able to perform on a leg extension weighted exercise as well as the amount of lactic acid their muscles produced, in placebo treatment (sham red/NIR light therapy) vs. 30, 60, or 90 seconds of real red/NIR light therapy. After receiving 60 or 120 seconds of light therapy, the number of reps the athletes were able to perform went up by 27%. And in the group that received 120 seconds of light therapy, their lactic acid levels were also significantly lower — indicating less muscle strain while actually performing better. 341
Enhancing physical performance and muscle recovery afterward
Sommer, A., Haddad, M. & Fecht, HJ. Light Effect on Water Viscosity: Implication for ATP Biosynthesis. Sci Rep 5, 12029 (2015).
Study #1
One study looked at the number of reps that 34 athletes were able to perform on a leg extension weighted exercise as well as the amount of lactic acid their muscles produced, in placebo treatment (sham red/NIR light therapy) vs. 30, 60, or 90 seconds of real red/NIR light therapy. After receiving 60 or 120 seconds of light therapy, the number of reps the athletes were able to perform went up by 27%. And in the group that received 120 seconds of light therapy, their lactic acid levels were also significantly lower — indicating less muscle strain while actually performing better. 341
4) Wound Healing
pg 56**
Whether it’s from an accident during physical activity or chemical pollutants in our food and environment, we all sustain injuries regularly. Anything that can help accelerate the body’s innate healing process will free up resources and allow it to focus on maintaining optimal health.
Dr. Harry Whelan from the Medical College of Wisconsin has been studying red light in cell cultures and on humans for decades. His work in the laboratory has shown that skin and muscle cells grown in cultures and exposed to LED infrared light grow 150-200% faster than control cultures not stimulated by the light.7
Working with Naval doctors in Norfolk, Virginia and San Diego California to treat soldiers injured in training, Dr. Whelan and his team found that soldiers with musculoskeletal training injuries who were treated with the light-emitting diodes improved by 40%.7
In 2000, Dr. Whelan concluded, “The near-infrared light emitted by these LEDs seems to be perfect for increasing energy inside cells. This means whether you’re on Earth in a hospital, working in a submarine under the sea or on your way to Mars inside a spaceship, the LEDs boost energy to the cells and accelerate healing.”
A review of the scientific literature reveals there are literally dozens of other studies evidencing the powerful wound-healing benefits of red light.8
In 2014, a group of scientists from three universities in Brazil conducted a scientific review of the effects of red light on wound healing. After reviewing a total of 68 studies, most of which were conducted on animals using wavelengths ranging from 632 to 830 nm, the study concluded “...phototherapy, either by LASER or LED, is an effective therapeutic modality to promote healing of skin wounds.”9
7. NASA press release (2000). NASA Space Technology Shines Light on Healing. [Online]. Available: http://www.laserthera.com/press_release_3.htm [August 1st, 2017].
8. Hopkins JT, Mcloda TA, Seegmiller JG, David baxter G. Low-Level Laser Therapy Facilitates Superficial Wound Healing in Humans: A Triple-Blind, Sham-Controlled Study. J Athl Train. 2004;39(3):223-229.
9. Chaves ME de A, de Araújo AR, Piancastelli ACC, Pinotti M. Effects of
low-power light therapy on wound healing: LASER x LED . Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2014;89(4):616-623.
Healing (Bones, Tendons, and Wounds): Numerous studies have shown that red/NIR light can stimulate and accelerate healing of numerous types of injuries—from tendon/muscle/ligament tears to bone fractures, and skin wounds. This is likely by affecting local growth factors involved in cellular repair, as well as effects on the inflammatory processes.
Enhancing stem cell implantation and proliferation
de Freitas LF, Hamblin MR. Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron. 2016 May-Jun;22(3)
pg 56**
Whether it’s from an accident during physical activity or chemical pollutants in our food and environment, we all sustain injuries regularly. Anything that can help accelerate the body’s innate healing process will free up resources and allow it to focus on maintaining optimal health.
Dr. Harry Whelan from the Medical College of Wisconsin has been studying red light in cell cultures and on humans for decades. His work in the laboratory has shown that skin and muscle cells grown in cultures and exposed to LED infrared light grow 150-200% faster than control cultures not stimulated by the light.7
Working with Naval doctors in Norfolk, Virginia and San Diego California to treat soldiers injured in training, Dr. Whelan and his team found that soldiers with musculoskeletal training injuries who were treated with the light-emitting diodes improved by 40%.7
In 2000, Dr. Whelan concluded, “The near-infrared light emitted by these LEDs seems to be perfect for increasing energy inside cells. This means whether you’re on Earth in a hospital, working in a submarine under the sea or on your way to Mars inside a spaceship, the LEDs boost energy to the cells and accelerate healing.”
A review of the scientific literature reveals there are literally dozens of other studies evidencing the powerful wound-healing benefits of red light.8
In 2014, a group of scientists from three universities in Brazil conducted a scientific review of the effects of red light on wound healing. After reviewing a total of 68 studies, most of which were conducted on animals using wavelengths ranging from 632 to 830 nm, the study concluded “...phototherapy, either by LASER or LED, is an effective therapeutic modality to promote healing of skin wounds.”9
7. NASA press release (2000). NASA Space Technology Shines Light on Healing. [Online]. Available: http://www.laserthera.com/press_release_3.htm [August 1st, 2017].
8. Hopkins JT, Mcloda TA, Seegmiller JG, David baxter G. Low-Level Laser Therapy Facilitates Superficial Wound Healing in Humans: A Triple-Blind, Sham-Controlled Study. J Athl Train. 2004;39(3):223-229.
9. Chaves ME de A, de Araújo AR, Piancastelli ACC, Pinotti M. Effects of
low-power light therapy on wound healing: LASER x LED . Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2014;89(4):616-623.
Healing (Bones, Tendons, and Wounds): Numerous studies have shown that red/NIR light can stimulate and accelerate healing of numerous types of injuries—from tendon/muscle/ligament tears to bone fractures, and skin wounds. This is likely by affecting local growth factors involved in cellular repair, as well as effects on the inflammatory processes.
Enhancing stem cell implantation and proliferation
de Freitas LF, Hamblin MR. Proposed Mechanisms of Photobiomodulation or Low-Level Light Therapy. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron. 2016 May-Jun;22(3)
A couple more research studies:
Phototherapy (light, lasers, and photodynamic therapy) was presented as an alternative therapeutic modality for treatment of acne vulgaris and was proposed to have fewer side effects when compared to other treatment options (Rotunda, Bhupathy, and Rohrer 2004).
Among several studies demonstrating effects of LLLT for treatment of acne vulgaris, one study used 630 nm red spectrum LLLT with fluence 12 J/cm2 twice a week for 12 sessions in conjunction with 2% topical clindamycin, and significant reduction in active acne lesions after 12 sessions of treatment has been observed (Aziz-Jalali, Tabaie, and Djavid 2012). However, the same study showed no significant effects when the wavelength was changed to 890 nm (Aziz-Jalali, Tabaie, and Djavid 2012). Furthermore, combination of blue light (antibacterial effect) and red light (anti-inflammatory effect) was proposed to have synergistic effects in acne treatment, which later on have been supported by several studies (Papageorgiou, Katsambas, and Chu 2000; Goldberg and Russell 2006; Lee, You, and Park 2007; Sadick 2008).
Pg 691
**Best not to combine NIR?
To determine whether phototherapy with combined blue and red light could have greater efficacy in treatment of acne, Papageorgiou et al. [26] and Goldberg and Russell [24] have used blue (415 nm) and red (633 nm) lights in patients with mild to moderate facial acne. Each subjects received two treatments per week, blue light for 20 min (48 J/cm2) and red light for 20 min (96 J/cm2), using a LED-based therapy system. Although there was no significant short-term adverse effect, mixed blue-red light phototherapy at weeks 8 and 12 resulted in better improvement of inflammatory lesions than other active treatments without side effect. Lee et al. [25] have also examined the effectiveness of combination phototherapy with blue and red light. After patient received light therapy twice a week for 4 weeks, they experienced brightened and improved skin condition. Such effect might be due to antibacterial effect of blue light in combination with anti-inflammatory effect of red light. These results demonstrate that LED therapy is safe. It has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Goldberg, D. J., and B. A. Russell. 2006. Combination blue (415nm) and red (633 nm) LED phototherapy in the treatment
of mild to severe acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Laser Ther 82:71–75.
Clearing skin for sufferers of acne, rosacea, eczema, psoriasis
Avci P, Gupta A, Sadasivam M, Vecchio D, Pam Z, Pam N, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2013 Mar;32(1):41-52.
Phototherapy (light, lasers, and photodynamic therapy) was presented as an alternative therapeutic modality for treatment of acne vulgaris and was proposed to have fewer side effects when compared to other treatment options (Rotunda, Bhupathy, and Rohrer 2004).
Among several studies demonstrating effects of LLLT for treatment of acne vulgaris, one study used 630 nm red spectrum LLLT with fluence 12 J/cm2 twice a week for 12 sessions in conjunction with 2% topical clindamycin, and significant reduction in active acne lesions after 12 sessions of treatment has been observed (Aziz-Jalali, Tabaie, and Djavid 2012). However, the same study showed no significant effects when the wavelength was changed to 890 nm (Aziz-Jalali, Tabaie, and Djavid 2012). Furthermore, combination of blue light (antibacterial effect) and red light (anti-inflammatory effect) was proposed to have synergistic effects in acne treatment, which later on have been supported by several studies (Papageorgiou, Katsambas, and Chu 2000; Goldberg and Russell 2006; Lee, You, and Park 2007; Sadick 2008).
Pg 691
**Best not to combine NIR?
To determine whether phototherapy with combined blue and red light could have greater efficacy in treatment of acne, Papageorgiou et al. [26] and Goldberg and Russell [24] have used blue (415 nm) and red (633 nm) lights in patients with mild to moderate facial acne. Each subjects received two treatments per week, blue light for 20 min (48 J/cm2) and red light for 20 min (96 J/cm2), using a LED-based therapy system. Although there was no significant short-term adverse effect, mixed blue-red light phototherapy at weeks 8 and 12 resulted in better improvement of inflammatory lesions than other active treatments without side effect. Lee et al. [25] have also examined the effectiveness of combination phototherapy with blue and red light. After patient received light therapy twice a week for 4 weeks, they experienced brightened and improved skin condition. Such effect might be due to antibacterial effect of blue light in combination with anti-inflammatory effect of red light. These results demonstrate that LED therapy is safe. It has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Goldberg, D. J., and B. A. Russell. 2006. Combination blue (415nm) and red (633 nm) LED phototherapy in the treatment
of mild to severe acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Laser Ther 82:71–75.
Clearing skin for sufferers of acne, rosacea, eczema, psoriasis
Avci P, Gupta A, Sadasivam M, Vecchio D, Pam Z, Pam N, Hamblin MR. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2013 Mar;32(1):41-52.
8) Hair Loss and Balding
pg 53
Hair: Red/NIR light is also used in the context of hair re-growth, and numerous studies have shown it to be effective for this purpose. This is likely due to local blood vessel dilation and anti- inflammatory effects.
REGROW HAIR ON A BALDING SCALP Hair loss (alopecia) is a very common disorder, affecting more than 50% of the worldwide population.33 In the United States, an estimated 35 million men and 21 million women suffer from some form of hair loss, and around 40% of men will have noticeable hair loss by the age 35.34
To date there are only two FDA-approved synthetic drugs for hair loss available from your doctor: Propecia and Rogaine. Both of these drugs have a less than 50% success rate, and their side effects can be severe.35
Hair transplants are another option, but they come with a long list of unwanted side effects including itching, pain, bleeding, swelling, infections, etc. and like the drug treatments, its efficacy is questionable.
“I only have to venture to a major street in San Francisco to find that if there were an ‘effective’ treatment for baldness, a majority of men are either not aware of it, or are choosing to be bald,” wrote hair-loss researcher Danny Roddy.36
American and Hungarian researchers conducted a review in 2014 of studies involving the treatment of hair loss with red and near-infrared laser therapy. The review reports that red and near-infrared laser therapies have been demonstrated to stimulate hair growth in both mice and in men and women in a number of controlled clinical trials. “LLLT for hair growth in both men and women appears to be both safe and effective. The optimum wavelength, coherence and dosimetric parameters remain to be determined,” they concluded.33
33. AvciP,GuptaGK,ClarkJ,WikonkalN,HamblinMR.Low-levellaser (light) therapy (LLLT) for treatment of hair loss. Lasers Surg Med. 2014;46(2):144-51.
34. StatisticBrain.HairLossStatistics.2016.Available: http://www.statisticbrain.com/hair-loss-statistics [August 20th, 2017].
35. Jain,R.etal.Potentialtargetsinthediscoveryofnewhairgrowth promoters for androgenic alopecia. July 2014, Vol. 18, No. 7 , Pages 787- 806.
36. DannyRoddy.2014.HairLikeaFox:Abioenergeticsviewofpatternhair loss frequently asked questions. Available: http://www.dannyroddy.com/weblog/hairlikeafoxfaq [August 25, 2017].
pg 53
Hair: Red/NIR light is also used in the context of hair re-growth, and numerous studies have shown it to be effective for this purpose. This is likely due to local blood vessel dilation and anti- inflammatory effects.
REGROW HAIR ON A BALDING SCALP Hair loss (alopecia) is a very common disorder, affecting more than 50% of the worldwide population.33 In the United States, an estimated 35 million men and 21 million women suffer from some form of hair loss, and around 40% of men will have noticeable hair loss by the age 35.34
To date there are only two FDA-approved synthetic drugs for hair loss available from your doctor: Propecia and Rogaine. Both of these drugs have a less than 50% success rate, and their side effects can be severe.35
Hair transplants are another option, but they come with a long list of unwanted side effects including itching, pain, bleeding, swelling, infections, etc. and like the drug treatments, its efficacy is questionable.
“I only have to venture to a major street in San Francisco to find that if there were an ‘effective’ treatment for baldness, a majority of men are either not aware of it, or are choosing to be bald,” wrote hair-loss researcher Danny Roddy.36
American and Hungarian researchers conducted a review in 2014 of studies involving the treatment of hair loss with red and near-infrared laser therapy. The review reports that red and near-infrared laser therapies have been demonstrated to stimulate hair growth in both mice and in men and women in a number of controlled clinical trials. “LLLT for hair growth in both men and women appears to be both safe and effective. The optimum wavelength, coherence and dosimetric parameters remain to be determined,” they concluded.33
33. AvciP,GuptaGK,ClarkJ,WikonkalN,HamblinMR.Low-levellaser (light) therapy (LLLT) for treatment of hair loss. Lasers Surg Med. 2014;46(2):144-51.
34. StatisticBrain.HairLossStatistics.2016.Available: http://www.statisticbrain.com/hair-loss-statistics [August 20th, 2017].
35. Jain,R.etal.Potentialtargetsinthediscoveryofnewhairgrowth promoters for androgenic alopecia. July 2014, Vol. 18, No. 7 , Pages 787- 806.
36. DannyRoddy.2014.HairLikeaFox:Abioenergeticsviewofpatternhair loss frequently asked questions. Available: http://www.dannyroddy.com/weblog/hairlikeafoxfaq [August 25, 2017].
9) Better Sleep -
pg 73
There’s a couple of papers. There was a Chinese paper where they used whole body red LED type things. I think they measured melatonin.
Blue light in the morning. The blue light suppresses melatonin and wakes you up. Red light increase’s melatonin and sends you to sleep, so you want the red light last thing at night before you go to bed and the blue light in the morning.
There may be increased sleep, which was observed in a quantitative manner using the Actiwatch system, in our pilot studies at the VA Boston Healthcare System. The improved sleep was observed in TBI cases who received the tLED treatment series, or the iLED series only (Naeser et al., 2016; Bogdanova et al., 2017).
Bogdanova, Y., Ho, V.T., Martin, P.I., Ho, M.D., Yee, M.K., Hamblin, M.R., et al., 2017. Treatment for cognitive dysfunction and sleep in chronic TBI: randomized controlled pilot trial. Abstract. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 98 (10), e122e123.
Naeser, M.A., Martin, P.I., Ho, M.D., Krengel, M.H., Bogdanova, Y., Knight, J.A., et al., 2016. Transcranial, Red/near-infrared light-emitting diode(LED) therapy for chronic, traumatic brain injury. Photomed. Laser Surg. 34 (12), 610626.
pg 73
There’s a couple of papers. There was a Chinese paper where they used whole body red LED type things. I think they measured melatonin.
Blue light in the morning. The blue light suppresses melatonin and wakes you up. Red light increase’s melatonin and sends you to sleep, so you want the red light last thing at night before you go to bed and the blue light in the morning.
There may be increased sleep, which was observed in a quantitative manner using the Actiwatch system, in our pilot studies at the VA Boston Healthcare System. The improved sleep was observed in TBI cases who received the tLED treatment series, or the iLED series only (Naeser et al., 2016; Bogdanova et al., 2017).
Bogdanova, Y., Ho, V.T., Martin, P.I., Ho, M.D., Yee, M.K., Hamblin, M.R., et al., 2017. Treatment for cognitive dysfunction and sleep in chronic TBI: randomized controlled pilot trial. Abstract. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 98 (10), e122e123.
Naeser, M.A., Martin, P.I., Ho, M.D., Krengel, M.H., Bogdanova, Y., Knight, J.A., et al., 2016. Transcranial, Red/near-infrared light-emitting diode(LED) therapy for chronic, traumatic brain injury. Photomed. Laser Surg. 34 (12), 610626.
10) Brain Function
pg 75
Brain: Red/NIR light has been shown to benefit brain function as well. Studies have shown improvements in cognitive performance and memory, improved functioning after traumatic brain injury, improved mood, as well as improvements in certain neurological diseases (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease). The improvements in mitochondrial function, reduction in inflammation, and increased Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) likely all play a role in enhancing neuron health.
The positive effects of red light on brain function are significant and well established scientifically. In fact, light in the red and near-infrared spectrums could very well be the most powerful nootropic ever discovered. Let’s look at some evidence:
Researchers from the University of Texas applied near-infrared laser light to the foreheads of healthy volunteers and measured its effects on cognitive parameters, including attention, memory and mood in 2013. The treated group
experienced improvements in reaction time, memory and an increase in positive emotional states for the two-week follow-up period after treatment. “These data imply that transcranial laser stimulation could be used as a non-invasive and efficacious approach to increase brain functions such as those related to cognitive and emotional dimensions,” wrote scientists.17
Another study investigated the effects of near-infrared laser light on the brain both individually and in combination with aerobic exercise. Compared to the control group, which didn’t receive the light or the exercise, the American researchers concluded that phototherapy had brain-boosting effects similar to the exercise.18
17. Barrett DW, Gonzalez-lima F. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation
produces beneficial cognitive and emotional effects in humans. Neuroscience. 2013;230:13-23.
18. HwangJ,CastelliDM,Gonzalez-limaF.Cognitive enhancementby transcranial laser stimulation and acute aerobic exercise. Lasers Med Sci. 2016;31(6):1151-60.
pg 75
Brain: Red/NIR light has been shown to benefit brain function as well. Studies have shown improvements in cognitive performance and memory, improved functioning after traumatic brain injury, improved mood, as well as improvements in certain neurological diseases (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease). The improvements in mitochondrial function, reduction in inflammation, and increased Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) likely all play a role in enhancing neuron health.
The positive effects of red light on brain function are significant and well established scientifically. In fact, light in the red and near-infrared spectrums could very well be the most powerful nootropic ever discovered. Let’s look at some evidence:
Researchers from the University of Texas applied near-infrared laser light to the foreheads of healthy volunteers and measured its effects on cognitive parameters, including attention, memory and mood in 2013. The treated group
experienced improvements in reaction time, memory and an increase in positive emotional states for the two-week follow-up period after treatment. “These data imply that transcranial laser stimulation could be used as a non-invasive and efficacious approach to increase brain functions such as those related to cognitive and emotional dimensions,” wrote scientists.17
Another study investigated the effects of near-infrared laser light on the brain both individually and in combination with aerobic exercise. Compared to the control group, which didn’t receive the light or the exercise, the American researchers concluded that phototherapy had brain-boosting effects similar to the exercise.18
17. Barrett DW, Gonzalez-lima F. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation
produces beneficial cognitive and emotional effects in humans. Neuroscience. 2013;230:13-23.
18. HwangJ,CastelliDM,Gonzalez-limaF.Cognitive enhancementby transcranial laser stimulation and acute aerobic exercise. Lasers Med Sci. 2016;31(6):1151-60.
TBI/Stroke, degenerative brain disorders, Psychiatric (depress, anxiety, PTSD, addiction) -
1. [Traumatic Brain Events] brain damage/stroke(starved of oxygen) / TBI / Head Injury - sudden traumatic events
Increasing cognitive performance, Improving memory, improving sleep, improving emotional regulation
2. [Slow degenerative disorders] Neurodegenerative diseases - Alzheimers, dementia, parkinsons
Cognitive performance is dramatically improved. People talking in sentences again and eating food and recognizing family which direction to go when out (dramatic improvements)
Parkinsons - australia - movement, speech, movement, handwriting, coordination (dramatic improvements)
3. [Psychiatric Disorders] - Major Depression, Anxiety disorders and Post traumatic stress disorders ... Terrible drugs that don't work well and horrendous side effects that can destroy peoples lives. Addiction and opioid epidemic... Pain Management and pain relief, but also if you put the light on the head, it can help to remodel the brain pathways and remove the drug addiction cravings. Craving can last for years. PBM , remodel pathways in the brain.
RLT Boosts Brain Power and has Benefits Similar to Exercise!
Main Mechanism is photobiomodulation of mitochondrial CCO (as usual).
Several studies have demonstrated that photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) stimulates cognitive brain function, producing beneficial effects on prefrontal cortical functions related to sustained attention, working memory, and executive functioning, for instance using laser stimulation (Barrett and Gonzalez-Lima, 2013; Gonzalez-Lima and Barrett, 2014; Blanco et al., 2017). Similar to the results obtained from LLLT protocols, acute exercise-induced cognitive enhancement has been verified in neuro-imaging studies (Yanagisawa et al., 2010; Li et al., 2014; Hwang et al., 2016).
LLLT also appears to have metabolic effects in the human brain and muscle tissue. LLLT could be used as a noninvasive and efficacious approach to increase brain functions such as those related to cognitive and emotional abilities (Barrett and Gonzalez-Lima, 2013). Naeser and collaborators showed improvement of cognitive functions in patients with a mild traumatic brain injury in a study using transcranial photobiomodulation (Naeser et al., 2016). Studies using photobiomodulation aimed at the right prefrontal cortex have been proven effective for increasing human cognitive and emotional functions (Hwang et al., 2016; Disner et al., 2016; Blanco et al., 2017).
Cognitive functions generally decline with age, and an experimental study showed that photobiomodulation (full body exposure) can improve working memory in middle-aged mice tested in a working memory test in a 3D maze (Michalikova et al., 2008). Another report in rats provided further evidence that LLLT modulates mood and may alleviate depression (Wu et al., 2012).
**Barrett, D.W., Gonzalez-Lima, F., 2013. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation produces beneficial cognitive and emotional effects in humans. Neuroscience 230, 1323.
**Blanco, N.J., Saucedo, C.L., et al., 2017. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation improves rule-based, but not information-integration, category learning in humans. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 139, 6975.
**Disner, S.G., Beevers, C.G., et al., 2016. Transcranial laser stimulation as neuroenhancement for attention bias modification in adults with elevated depression symptoms. Brain Stimul. 9 (5), 780787.
**Michalikova, S., Ennaceur, A., et al., 2008. Emotional responses and memory performance of middle-aged CD1 mice in a 3D maze: effects of low infrared light. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 89 (4), 480488.
**Naeser, M.A., Martin, P.I., et al., 2016. Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury. Photomed. Laser Surg. 34 (12), 610626.
**Hwang, J., Castelli, D.M., et al., 2016. Cognitive enhancement by transcranial laser stimulation and acute aerobic exercise. Lasers Med. Sci. 31 (6), 11511160.
**Wu, X., Alberico, S.L., et al., 2012. Pulsed light irradiation improves behavioral outcome in a rat model of chronic mild stress. Lasers Surg. Med. 44
(3), 227232.
**Yanagisawa, H., Dan, I., et al., 2010. Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test. Neuroimage 50 (4), 17021710.
Spurring neurogenesis in the human brain, strengthening synapses, spurring brain cell growth
Vargas E, Barrett DW, Saucedo CL, Huang LD, Abraham JA, Tanaka H, Haley AP, Gonzalez-Lima F. Beneficial neurocognitive effects of transcranial laser in older adults. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Jul;32(5):1153-1162
Helping prevent cognitive decline
Vargas E, Barrett DW, Saucedo CL, Huang LD, Abraham JA, Tanaka H, Haley AP, Gonzalez-Lima F. Beneficial neurocognitive effects of transcranial laser in older adults. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Jul;32(5):1153-1162.
1. [Traumatic Brain Events] brain damage/stroke(starved of oxygen) / TBI / Head Injury - sudden traumatic events
Increasing cognitive performance, Improving memory, improving sleep, improving emotional regulation
2. [Slow degenerative disorders] Neurodegenerative diseases - Alzheimers, dementia, parkinsons
Cognitive performance is dramatically improved. People talking in sentences again and eating food and recognizing family which direction to go when out (dramatic improvements)
Parkinsons - australia - movement, speech, movement, handwriting, coordination (dramatic improvements)
3. [Psychiatric Disorders] - Major Depression, Anxiety disorders and Post traumatic stress disorders ... Terrible drugs that don't work well and horrendous side effects that can destroy peoples lives. Addiction and opioid epidemic... Pain Management and pain relief, but also if you put the light on the head, it can help to remodel the brain pathways and remove the drug addiction cravings. Craving can last for years. PBM , remodel pathways in the brain.
RLT Boosts Brain Power and has Benefits Similar to Exercise!
Main Mechanism is photobiomodulation of mitochondrial CCO (as usual).
Several studies have demonstrated that photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) stimulates cognitive brain function, producing beneficial effects on prefrontal cortical functions related to sustained attention, working memory, and executive functioning, for instance using laser stimulation (Barrett and Gonzalez-Lima, 2013; Gonzalez-Lima and Barrett, 2014; Blanco et al., 2017). Similar to the results obtained from LLLT protocols, acute exercise-induced cognitive enhancement has been verified in neuro-imaging studies (Yanagisawa et al., 2010; Li et al., 2014; Hwang et al., 2016).
LLLT also appears to have metabolic effects in the human brain and muscle tissue. LLLT could be used as a noninvasive and efficacious approach to increase brain functions such as those related to cognitive and emotional abilities (Barrett and Gonzalez-Lima, 2013). Naeser and collaborators showed improvement of cognitive functions in patients with a mild traumatic brain injury in a study using transcranial photobiomodulation (Naeser et al., 2016). Studies using photobiomodulation aimed at the right prefrontal cortex have been proven effective for increasing human cognitive and emotional functions (Hwang et al., 2016; Disner et al., 2016; Blanco et al., 2017).
Cognitive functions generally decline with age, and an experimental study showed that photobiomodulation (full body exposure) can improve working memory in middle-aged mice tested in a working memory test in a 3D maze (Michalikova et al., 2008). Another report in rats provided further evidence that LLLT modulates mood and may alleviate depression (Wu et al., 2012).
**Barrett, D.W., Gonzalez-Lima, F., 2013. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation produces beneficial cognitive and emotional effects in humans. Neuroscience 230, 1323.
**Blanco, N.J., Saucedo, C.L., et al., 2017. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation improves rule-based, but not information-integration, category learning in humans. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 139, 6975.
**Disner, S.G., Beevers, C.G., et al., 2016. Transcranial laser stimulation as neuroenhancement for attention bias modification in adults with elevated depression symptoms. Brain Stimul. 9 (5), 780787.
**Michalikova, S., Ennaceur, A., et al., 2008. Emotional responses and memory performance of middle-aged CD1 mice in a 3D maze: effects of low infrared light. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 89 (4), 480488.
**Naeser, M.A., Martin, P.I., et al., 2016. Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury. Photomed. Laser Surg. 34 (12), 610626.
**Hwang, J., Castelli, D.M., et al., 2016. Cognitive enhancement by transcranial laser stimulation and acute aerobic exercise. Lasers Med. Sci. 31 (6), 11511160.
**Wu, X., Alberico, S.L., et al., 2012. Pulsed light irradiation improves behavioral outcome in a rat model of chronic mild stress. Lasers Surg. Med. 44
(3), 227232.
**Yanagisawa, H., Dan, I., et al., 2010. Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test. Neuroimage 50 (4), 17021710.
Spurring neurogenesis in the human brain, strengthening synapses, spurring brain cell growth
Vargas E, Barrett DW, Saucedo CL, Huang LD, Abraham JA, Tanaka H, Haley AP, Gonzalez-Lima F. Beneficial neurocognitive effects of transcranial laser in older adults. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Jul;32(5):1153-1162
Helping prevent cognitive decline
Vargas E, Barrett DW, Saucedo CL, Huang LD, Abraham JA, Tanaka H, Haley AP, Gonzalez-Lima F. Beneficial neurocognitive effects of transcranial laser in older adults. Lasers Med Sci. 2017 Jul;32(5):1153-1162.
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